Colloidal spray deposition technique for the processing of thin film solid oxide fuel cells Page: 3 of 9
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COLLOIDAL SPRAY DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE FOR THE
PROCESSING OF THIN FILM SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Ai-Quoc Pham, Tae H. Lee and Robert S. Glass
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Chemistry & Materials Science Directorate
P.O. Box 808, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550
ABSTRACT
An improved version of the colloidal deposition technique is described.
Using an ultrasonic atomizer to gently lay down the colloidal solution on a
heated substrate, high quality thin films of various materials were
prepared. Dense yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) films of thickness
ranging from 1 to 100 m were successfully deposited on NiO/YSZ
substrates as well as on porous LaoasSro.sMnO3 substrates. The technique
was also used to deposit a bi-layer thin film of YSZ and Ce0 8Yo.202 with a
graded interface.
INTRODUCTION
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a solid state electrochemical device that converts
the chemical energy in fuels directly into electricity. SOFCs are highly efficient and have
very low emissions; they are thus an attractive option for clean and efficient power
generation for the 21" century. However, despite many successful demonstrations by
Siemens Westinghouse, the SOFC commercialization is still not viable in a short-term
future because of the high fabrication cost. In order to reduce this cost, it is thus highly
desirable to develop novel low cost fabrication techniques and processes.
A number of thin films processing techniques that are directly applicable to SOFC
fabrication have been explored recently (1-3). The techniques are based essentially on
colloidal deposition, which can be dip coating, spin coating, slurry painting,
electrophoretic deposition, etc. Dense, crack-free, high quality films are generally
produced. However, most of these coating techniques are limited to films having
thickness generally less than 10 m. Thicker films require repeating the process several
times, leading to long processing time, and consequently high cost. For certain
applications, such as the case of the Siemens Westinghouse tubular fuel cell, electrolyte
films thicker than 10 m are desirable to insure stable long term operation. Indeed, the
Siemens Westinghouse fuel cell operates at 10000C, a temperature high enough that
diffusion of the different components of the cathode, the anode and the interconnect can
results in short-circuiting, if the electrolyte film is not thick enough. Attempts to use
colloidal deposition techniques to deposit films thicker than 10 m in a single step
coating have generally resulted in crackings of the green film after drying.
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Pham, A. Q.; Lee, T. H. & Glass, R. S. Colloidal spray deposition technique for the processing of thin film solid oxide fuel cells, article, August 31, 1999; California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc706811/m1/3/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.