Theoretical summary of the 8th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy Page: 4 of 12
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2
interaction,
M= mi + O " hi (1)
where mi is the effective mass of quark i, 5. is a quark spin operator and v" is a
hyperfine interaction with different strengths but the same flavor dependence for qq and
qq interactions.
This model can be considered analogous to the BCS description of superconductivity.
The constituent quarks are quasiparticles of unknown structure with a background of
a condensate. They have effective masses not simply related to the bare current quark
masses, and somehow including all effects of confinement and other flavor independent
potentials. The only contribution to hadron masses not already included is a flavor-
dependent two-body hyperfine interaction inversely proportional to the product of these
same effective quark masses. Hadron magnetic moments are described simply by adding
the contributions of the moments of these constituent quarks with Dirac magnetic mo-
ments having a scale determined by the same effective masses. The model describes
low-lying excitations of a complex system with remarkable success.
1.2. Striking Results and Predictive Power
Sakarov and Zeldovich already in 1966 obtained two relations between meson and
baryon masses in remarkable agreement with experiment. Both the mass difference
m, - mu between strange and nonstrange quarks and their mass ratio m,/mu have the
same values when calculated from baryon masses and meson masses[1]
(m, - mu)Ba, = MA - MN = 177 MeV (2)
3( MK*- MP) +MK-M M,
(m, -mu)me. - 4 - 180 MeV (3)
-,M - =1 lm, ____-___
m -M-MN -1.53= M- = MK =1.61 (4)
mu Ba, ME. - ME m} Me. MK* - MK
Further extension of this approach led to two more relations for m,-mu when calculated
from baryon masses and meson masses[2,3]. and to three magnetic moment predictions
with no free parameters[4,5]
(m, - m)me, = 3Mp+M~ ( Mp - - 1) = 178 MeV. (5)
8 MK* - MK
MN + M( M - MN )
(m, - m)Bar = 6 -119e (6)
= ~ =y, me _ , Mr. M
-0.61 n.m. = Fi = -- - = --ME. = -0.61 n.m. (7)
3 m, 3 MA - MN
-1.46 = "P= - (8)
p.n 2
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Lipkin, H. J. Theoretical summary of the 8th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy, article, November 15, 1999; Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc703142/m1/4/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.