Passive films and blistering of titanium Page: 3 of 9
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PASSIVE FILMS AND BLISTERING OF TITANIUM
PETER J. BEDROSSIAN *, JOSEPH C. FARMER, R. DANIEL McCRIGHT,
DOUGLAS L. PHINNEY, AND JOHN C. ESTILL
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551
*bedrossianl @LLNL.gov
ABSTRACT
Coupons of titanium alloys under consideration as components of the Engineered
Barrier System in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain have been evaluatedfor their
passive film composition and stability. Oxide depths and compositions on specimens
exposed in long-term corrosion testing for one year were determined with x-ray
photoemission spectroscopy. The specimens removed from long-term testing, as well as
separate coupons polarized cathodically in an electrochemical cell, exhibited blistering
associated with hydride formation in both scanning electron microscopy and atomic force
microscopy.
INTRODUCTION
Several commercial grades of titanium are currently under consideration as components
of the packages being designed for containment of spent fuel and other high-level waste at
the U.S. Monitored Geological Respository planned for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Table 1
summarizes the compositions of the two titanium alloys investigated in this study.
The addition of Pd to Titanium Grade 16 is believed to raise the corrosion potential of
the alloy relative to that of unalloyed titanium. The addition of Mo in Titanium Grade 12 is
intended to enhance the passivation of the alloy, while Ni is added to maintain
thermodynamic stability.'
Table 1: Compositions of Commercial Grades 12 and 16 of Titanium.2
ASTM C Fe H N O Ti Pd Ni Mo Residual
Grade (max) (max) (max) (max) (max) Max Total
12 0.08 0.3 0.015 0.03 0.25 bal 0.6-0.9 0.2-0.4 0.416 0.08 0.3 0.015 0.03 0.3 bal 0.04-0.08
0.4
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Bedrossian, P. J.; Estill, J. C.; Farmer, J. C.; McCright, R. D. & Phinney, D. L. Passive films and blistering of titanium, article, December 1, 1998; Livermore, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc698431/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.