Low-cost hadron colliders at Fermilab: A discussion paper Page: 4 of 26
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Introduction
New more economic approaches are required to continue the dramatic exponential rise
in collider energies as represented by the well-known Livingston plot. The old idea of
low-cost, low-field iron dominated magnets in a small diameter pipe may become feasible
in the next decade with dramatic recent advances in technology:
" advanced tunneling technologies for small diameter, non human accessible tunnels
" accurate remote guidance systems for tunnel survey and boring machine steering
" high Tc superconductors operating at liquid N2 or liquid H2 temperatures
" industrial applications of remote manipulation and robotics
" digitally multiplexed electronics to minimize cables
" achievement of high luminosities in p-p and proton-antiproton colliders
There is an opportunity for mutually beneficial partnerships with the commercial sector
to develop some of the necessary technology. This will gain public support for this
undertaking, a necessary part of the challenge of building a new, very high energy
collider.
Much of the material in this discussion paper is taken from a series of talks presented at
the mini-symposium "New low-cost approaches to high energy hadron colliders at
Fermilab" on May 3, 1996 during the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society,
Indianapolis.
The goal of this paper is to stimulate continuing discussions on approaches to this new
collider and to identify critical areas needing calculations, construction of models, proof
of principle experiments, and full scale prototypes in order to determine feasibility and
arrive at cost estimates.
Project information including announcement of meetings can be found at
http://www-ap.fnal.gov/PIPE/
Historical Note
The concept of building an accelerator in a sewer pipe was clearly presented by
Fermilab's Founding Director, R. R. Wilson at the Snowmass Conference in 1982.1
"Whether the next large proton accelerator (20 TeV ?) is built on a
national basis or as an international effort, to be affordable,
innovations in construction must be made. The design of a superferric
magnet ring buried in a pipe in the ground is explored here to see what
reductions in cost might result."
"...superferric magnets (an old idea) have the advantage of simplicity,
of being more sparing in the use of superconductor, less sensitive to
the position of the superconductor, easier to construct, and perhaps
more reliable to use."
Relevant technologies have emerged and grown rapidly since Snowmass 1982. Extra-
polations of these technologies can bring this dream to reality in the next 10 - 20 years.TM-1976 Low-cost Hadron Collider Discussion Paper
page 2
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Foster, G.W. & Malamud, E. Low-cost hadron colliders at Fermilab: A discussion paper, report, June 21, 1996; Batavia, Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc679402/m1/4/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.