Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Administrative Report Including Technical Reports Nos. 1342 to 1392 Page: 52 of 126
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REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
Electronic Simulator Explores Piloting Problems
Cockpit in left background which is free to rotate in pitch and
roll, coupled with electronic equipment in foreground, con-
stitutes one of a number of flight simulators which enable
study of piloting and control problems of high speed flight.
In view of the safety and economy of simulators their use
is becoming widespread.
satellite in the design orbit. The matter of attitude
control was given special consideration. Control sys-
tems considered include hydrogen peroxide jets, inertia
wheels, and permanent magnets that react with the
magnetic field of the earth.
LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS
VTOL and STOL Aircraft
Emphasis in the field of VTOL and STOL aircraft
has shifted somewhat from basic configuration studies
to the broader problem of performance and stability
of complete configurations. Dynamic models of two
propeller-driven, tilt-wing experimental aircraft have
been tested to determine the behavior of the aircraft
during the transition from hovering to forward flight.
Jet-powered models of the tilting-engine and tilting-
wing-and-engine types have also been flown. Full-
scale wind-tunnel tests of an unloaded rotor-type con-
vertiplane have been made to investigate the vibration
characteristics of the wing-pylon-rotor combination.
In addition to free-flight model and wind-tunnel tests
of VTOL and STOL aircraft, the NACA is becoming
engaged in flight tests of test-bed VTOL/STOL air-
craft to investigate handling qualities as well as sta-
bility and control characteristics.
Interest continues in a wide variety of VTOL/STOL
applications involving both propellers and jet power
plants. Recent investigations of a deflected slip-stream
model showed that improved hovering efficiency is ob-
tained when the number of propellers along the wing-
span is increased, even when some overlapping of the
propellers becomes necessary. The large amount of in-formation now available on deflected slipstreams has
been used as the basis for a semiempirical procedure for
predicting lift and drag in transition of this type of
vehicle.
Shrouded-propeller applications in the form of a
stand-on aircraft and multiple-fan "flying jeeps" are
also being investigated in model flight tests. These
include investigation of the stability and control char-
acteristics of two- and four-propeller arrangements in
both shrouded and unshrouded configurations. A sup-
porting program involves force tests of the same
models. Initial flight tests with the two-propeller
model showed that it required roll stabilization in
hovering fight. As forward speed increased, increas-
ing amounts of roll stabilization were required. The
flight tests also showed that a greater angle of inclina-
tion was required to achieve a given forward speed
than was anticipated.
Jet Flaps
Research on providing greater lift in order to im-
prove the landing and takeoff performance of airplanes
is continuing, with a significant portion of the effort
directed toward the augmentation of lift by means of
the jet-flap principle. Although some attention is still
being given to refinement of methods of providing lift
by suitable location of the jet exhaust on the wing pro-
file and to the effect of flap span, increased emphasis
is being placed on studies of the stability and control
characteristics of complete configurations and on noise
suppression possibilities of the various arrangements.
In addition to low-speed wind-tunnel studies, free-
flying models are being used to study the dynamic sta-
bility and control characteristics of jet-flap arrange-
ments flying at high-lift coefficients. In these studies
various methods of providing longitudinal trim and
control are being used including downward-directed
fuselage nose jets, jet-augmented flaps on canard sur-
faces, and various tail sizes and locations. Models of
conventional jet-transport-type configurations with jet
flaps have been flown at lift coefficients up to 12, using
a nose jet for trimming.
Two other jet-flap areas receiving attention are cruise
performance and the large loss of lift in ground effect.
Research on the ground proximity problem is con-
tinuing in static wind-tunnel studies and is being ex-
tended to include takeoffs and landings with flying
models. High-speed cruise performance studies have
shown that the lift can be increased by blowing down-
ward through closely spaced holes along and near the
trailing edge.
Propellers
Among the several means of achieving VTOLI opera-
tion of airplanes is the tilting propeller concept. Pro-
peller data (performance and stress) are rather lim-42
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Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Administrative Report Including Technical Reports Nos. 1342 to 1392, report, 1959; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc64173/m1/52/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.