A general kinetic-flow coupling model for FCC riser flow simulation. Page: 4 of 9
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A General Kinetics-Flow Coupling Model
For FCC Riser Flow Simulation
S.L. Chang, S.A. Lottes, C.Q. Zhou*, B. Golchert, and M. Petrick
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439
*Purdue University Calumet
Hammond, Indiana 46323ABSTRACT
A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code has been
developed for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser flow
simulation. Depending on the application of interest, a
specific kinetic model is needed for the FCC flow
simulation. This paper describes a method to determine a
kinetic model based on limited pilot-scale test data. The
kinetic model can then be used with the CFD code as a
tool to investigate optimum operating condition ranges
for a specific FCC unit.
INTRODUCTION
Many of the most important processes in energy
production and utilization technologies and in the
chemical industries involve the interactions of multi-
phase hydrodynamics, heat transfer, droplet vaporization,
and chemical kinetics. These interactions play key roles
in controlling the process efficiency and the emission of
pollutants and greenhouse gas. Advanced processes must
be continually developed for industries to meet new
environmental regulations. To decrease the development
time of advanced multi-phase reacting flow systems,
detailed knowledge of the relationships between process
operating parameters for a given system geometry and
process progress within the system are necessary. Such
knowledge can be obtained by computational analysis
based on the controlling physics of the system combined
with mathematical modeling. The use of computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) based analysis is increasing. CFD
is used as a tool to investigate complex flow systems,
especially where experimental investigations for
obtaining the desired information are either too costly or
too difficult. During the past 20 years, the capabilities of
CFD codes have evolved greatly with advancements in
numerical techniques, mathematical process models, and
computer hardware. CFD applications were extended
from simple laboratory-type systems to much more
complex industrial-type flow systems. Computersimulation is regarded as an effective and cost-saving tool
to further improve the performance of flow systems.
Fluid Catalytic Cracking Systems
As one of the applications of multi-phase reacting
flow systems, the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process
is extensively used for the conversion of heavy oil into
valuable lighter products, e.g., gasoline. A commercial-
scale FCC unit was first introduced in early 1940's. Since
then, the FCC process and catalysts have been constantly
improved and has become the primary conversion process
in the modem refinery industry. Continuing FCC
improvements are required for the refining industry to
stay competitive and adapt to market changes: gasoline
yield and/or quality maximization, new petrochemical
production, conversion of residues, and environmental
requirements.Products To
Fractionation
i +
Reactor A
4Flue Gas
A"
Regenerator
Air
Crude Oil Lift Gas
Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of An FCC Unit
A typical FCC unit (Figure 1) has two major
components: a riser reactor and a catalyst regenerator.
The riser is used to convert heavy oil to lighter and more
valuable products and the regenerator is used to
regenerate the spent catalyst. Liquid feed oil is injected
into the riser and mixed with regenerated hot catalyst
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Chang, S. L. A general kinetic-flow coupling model for FCC riser flow simulation., article, May 18, 1998; Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc626499/m1/4/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.