Corrosion resistance of candidate transportation container materials Page: 4 of 11
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Nine candidate materials were selected and evaluated to establish, based on performance
and cost, the viability of using traditional and nontraditional materials in the fabrication
of transportation containers. This will provide engineers with material choices that will
enhance the performance of transportation containers. Additionally, the transportation of
hazardous, mixed and radioactive waste shall be accomplished ensuring public safety by
meeting requirements set forth by DOT and NRC.
The alloys chosen for this study fall into three classes, consisting of austenitic stainless
steels (304L & 316), nickel based alloys (In 625, In 725, HC 276 and HC 22) and
titanium based alloys (grade-2, grade-5 and grade-12). The stainless steels are commonly
used corrosion resistant materials. They provide excellent corrosion resistance in benign
environments. They can be subject to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice attack
in certain media. They are relatively low cost and easily obtained. The nickel based alloys
provide a higher degree of corrosion resistance, but are more expensive and can be more
difficult to fabricate into containers. The corrosion resistance of HC 22 is excellent in
oxidizing and reducing environments, and is extremely resistant to localized corrosion
and stress corrosion cracking. The titanium alloys exhibit excellent corrosion resistance,
particularly in oxidizing environments, but like the Ni base alloys, are more expensive
and may be more difficult to fabricate into containers. A list of the composition for these
alloys is presented in Table 1 [ref. ASM International, Metals Handbook Ninth Edition
Volume 13 Corrosion, Haynes] .Table 1 Nominal Composition of Alloys (%) *
Fe- Based Alloys
Alloy %C %Mn %P %S %Si %Cr %Ni %Mo %Bal
304L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.03 1.00 18-20 8-12 ------- Fe
316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.03 1.00 16-18 10-14 12-3 Fe
Ni-based alloys
Alloy %C % Mn %P %S % Si % Cr % Ni % Mo Other
HC 22 0.015 0.50 0.02 0.01 0.08 22.0 56.0 13.0 3.0 W
3.0 Fe
HC 0.01 0.08 15.5 57.0 16.0 4.0 W
276 5.5 Fe
In 625 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.001 _0.11 21.55 65.09 8.72 0.26 Al
0.53 Fe
0.22 Ti
3.47-
Nb /Ta
In 725 0.01 0.13 0.004 <0.001 0.03 21.14 56.03 8.27 0.15 Al
9.21 Fe
1.43 Ti
3.59Nb
Titanium-based Allo s
Alloy % C % Fe % Al %V %Ti % Cr % Ni % Mo Other
TiGr2 0.005 0.15 bal. <0.40
TiGr5 0.01 0.18 6.09 3.76 bal. 0.15
TiGr 0.018 0.11 bal. 0.82 0.29 0.13
12
*Maximum unless otherwise indicated.
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Maestas, L. M.; Sorensen, N. R. & McAllaster, M. E. Corrosion resistance of candidate transportation container materials, article, December 31, 1995; Albuquerque, New Mexico. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc624770/m1/4/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.