LiMn{sub 2-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels (0.1 {le} x {le} 0.5) - a new class of 5 V cathode materials for Li batteries : I. electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic studies.

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A series of electroactive spinel compounds, LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} (0.1 {le} x {le} 0.5) has been studied by crystallographic, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and by electron-microscopy. These LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels are nearly identical in structure to cubic LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and successfully undergo reversible Li intercalation. The electrochemical data show a remarkable reversible electrochemical process at 4.9 V which is attributed to the oxidation of Cu{sup 2+} to Cu{sub 3+}. The inclusion of Cu in the spinel structure enhances the electrochemical stability of these materials upon cycling. The initial capacity of LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels decreases ... continued below

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Ein-Eli, Y. October 5, 1998.

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A series of electroactive spinel compounds, LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} (0.1 {le} x {le} 0.5) has been studied by crystallographic, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and by electron-microscopy. These LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels are nearly identical in structure to cubic LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and successfully undergo reversible Li intercalation. The electrochemical data show a remarkable reversible electrochemical process at 4.9 V which is attributed to the oxidation of Cu{sup 2+} to Cu{sub 3+}. The inclusion of Cu in the spinel structure enhances the electrochemical stability of these materials upon cycling. The initial capacity of LiMn{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels decreases with increasing x from 130mAh/g in LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} (x=0) to 70 mAh/g in ''LiMn{sub 1.5}Cu{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}'' (x=0.5). The data also show slight shifts to higher voltage for the delithiation reaction that normally occurs at 4.1 V in standard Li{sub 1{minus}x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} electrodes (1 {ge} x {ge} 0) corresponding to the oxidation of Mn{sup 3+} to Mn{sup 4+}. Although the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of ''LiMn{sub 1.5}Cu{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}'' shows a single-phase spinel product, neutron diffraction data show a small, but significant quantity of an impurity phase, the composition and structure of which could not be identified. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to gather information about the oxidation states of the manganese and copper ions. The composition of the spinel component in the LiMn{sub 1.5}Cu{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} was determined from X-ray diffraction and XANES data to be Li{sub 1.01}Mn{sub 1.67}Cu{sub 0.32}O{sub 4} suggesting, to a best approximation, that the impurity in the sample was a lithium-copper-oxide phase. The substitution of manganese by copper enhances the reactivity of the spinel structure towards hydrogen; the compounds are more easily reduced at moderate temperature ({approximately} 200 C) than LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}.

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OSTI as DE00010990

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  • Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion II Batteries, Capacitors and Fuel Cells, Warrendale, PA (US), Conference dates not supplied

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  • Report No.: ANL/CMT/CP-97391
  • Grant Number: W-31109-ENG-38
  • Office of Scientific & Technical Information Report Number: 10990
  • Archival Resource Key: ark:/67531/metadc620279

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  • October 5, 1998

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Thumbnail image of item number 1 in: 'LiMn{sub 2-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels (0.1 {le} x {le} 0.5) - a new class of 5 V cathode materials for Li batteries : I. electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic studies.'.
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Ein-Eli, Y. LiMn{sub 2-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels (0.1 {le} x {le} 0.5) - a new class of 5 V cathode materials for Li batteries : I. electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic studies., article, October 5, 1998; Illinois. (digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc620279/: accessed October 20, 2018), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.