Work and Expenditures of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1916 Page: 52
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52 WORK AND EXPENDITURES OF THE STATIONS, 1916.
found to be no longer toxic to rabbits, while the extract was extremely
toxic.
Interesting results were obtained from a study of avian tuberculosis
at the North Dakota station. It was found that the mammalian
tubercle bacillus produces an extreme emaciation in fowls as well as
in English sparrows, without, however, producing any lesions. The
fowls and sparrows carry pathogenic tubercle bacilli, and are therefore
to be considered as important agents in spreading the disease.
At the North Dakota station encouraging progress was also made in
the study of hog cholera. It was found that the antigenic quality
of the serum is more easily destroyed than its pathogenic property.
It was found that serum kept in a refrigerator for six weeks retained
its potency and that potency was also maintained for 212 days at
room temperature. It is suggested, therefore, that good quality of
serum may not be destroyed by freezing or putrefaction.
In continuing the study of contagious abortion at the Connecticut
Storrs station attention was given chiefly to complement fixation
and agglutination tests. Reactions were obtained in animals of all
ages. It was found that calves from reacting mothers are themselves
reactors at birth but that in three to five months they invariably
become nonreactors and remain so for several months. At the
Vermont station the study of complement fixation led to the discovery
of certain guinea pigs which possess no complement. These animals
were bred to determine whether the quality was inherited. Apparently
the absence of complement is hereditary. In mating hybrids
with hybrids about 56 per cent of the resulting offspring are normal
and about 44 per cent without complement.
The relation of the agency of insects in carrying anthrax was
studied at the Louisiana station. It was found that anthrax may
be carried from infected guinea pigs to healthy ones by the horn fly.
The disease was also transmitted in the same manner from infected
sheep to guinea pigs. Similar results were obtained with the horsefly
and with some of the swamp mosquitoes. Incidentally it was observed
that anthrax bacilli are destroyed in the digestive tract of
the horn fly.
Further work was done on sarcocystis in sheep at the Wyoming
station. It was shown that the sheep was an accidental and not a
definitive host of the parasite. A series of feeding experiments were
carried out with lambs in which the lambs were fed various species
of insects, grasses, and forage plants, and were given drinking water
containing sarcocystis. Infection was almost invariably produced
by feeding the lambs certain moths and butterflies and their larvae.
Infection was also brought about by feeding grass presumably carrying
these insects. The chemical investigation of Delphiniumn glanu
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United States. Office of Experiment Stations. Work and Expenditures of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1916, book, 1918; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6009/m1/52/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.