Evaluating the Impact of Demographic Characteristics and JTPA Program Services on Unsubsidized Employment Page: 19
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evaluate public policy, especially for employment and training programs. However, the
authors of the study discounted the results of the study for several reasons.
First, the paper explained that the selection bias results from data that is missing
from the common factors that influence program participation and outcomes. The
authors stated that the reason LaLonde (1986) received different results when he
employed the non-experimental techniques was that he did not use data containing the
characteristic information necessary to prevent selection bias. The authors show that this
type of information was available and could have been used in the study. Another
limitation of the LaLonde study was that the NSW study employed model-selection
techniques grounded in standard specification tests. The study also "treats the choice of a
comparison group and the choice of an estimator as a statistical, rather than economic,
problem. As a result he ignores the potential of cumulative social science knowledge to
guide these choices" (Heckman and Smith, 1995, p. 91). A final factor that weakens the
reliability of the LaLonde (1986) study is that, since the paper was written, many new
non-experimental evaluation methods have emerged.
The second reason social scientists supported the use of experimental studies
versus nonexperimental studies is that the experiments are founded on more feasible
assumptions. According to the paper's authors, both methods of assessment encounter
the problem of building the counterfactual. That is, what would happen to those people
who participated in the program if they had not participated. The experimental study
solves this problem by randomly excluding would-be participants from receiving19
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Driscoll, Michelle. Evaluating the Impact of Demographic Characteristics and JTPA Program Services on Unsubsidized Employment, thesis, August 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5816/m1/22/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .