Cross-Cultural Validation of the Will, Skill, Tool Model of Technology Integration Page: 37

                                
2. "To check important findings using different methodology" (Gall et al., 2003, p. 43). As
important as they are, results from the 2004 study were marked by what Loehlin, (1987,
p. 216) calls "precarious" condition, until the model could be tested on a new set of data
that were not part of the adjustment. It is in this regard, and also after the literature
review, that the following changes in the methodology were introduced.
* To control for generalizability, only teachers from elementary and middle school
in Mexico City were invited to participate in the study. The comparison data were
collected in 2004 from a Texas School District in the Dallas-Fort Worth
Metroplex area.
*  To include relevant variables found in the literature for the model, a measure on
openness to change (attached to the construct Will), and a measure on technical
support, as well as the number of hours using the computer to prepare classes (for
measuring the construct Tool) were added to the survey.
*  To avoid a unilateral testing of the model due to the sole use of structural
equation modeling and its constraints, not always compatible with the use of real
world data, other methods of data analysis (path analysis, factor analysis, and
multiple regression) were introduced in this study to provide a more solid basis
for the results.
Instrumentation
The variables Will, Skill, Tool, and Technology Integration were measured through a
series of instruments and direct questions to the teachers. To analyze the variable Will, two
measures were employed:
1. Teachers' Attitudes toward Computers (TAC). Version 6.1.

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