Experiment Station Record, Volume 17, 1905-1906 Page: 35
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HORTICULTURE. 35
ming the plants has had no beneficial effect. Better results have been secured from
frequent cultivation than from mulching. The most valuable sorts for culture appear
to be Dwarf Erfurt and Snowball types, with Algiers for late in the season.
Early varieties of eggplants can be successfully grown in Maine, the requisites for
success being early sowing, vigorous plants, late removal to the field, and warm, rich
soil. Several crosses have been made between white-fruited and black-fruited types,
but nothing of permanent value has been produced. The white-fruited types
appeared to be stronger than the purple in their power to transmit form and
productiveness.
In the case of radishes, 30 to 50 per cent more first-class roots have been secured
from large seed than from small seed of the same lot. Subwatering increased the
yield of first-class radishes 12 to 15 per cent in the greenhouse over surface watering.
The loss from damping off was also greater on the surface-watered beds than on the
subirrigated. The crop matured earlier and was of better quality when grown with
a night temperature of 60 than when grown at a lower temperature.
In greenhouse work it has been found that one good man with occasional help
should be able to do all the work in houses covering 4,000 sq. ft. of ground surface.
"In general, solid beds are advocated for plants requiring no bottom heat, such as
cauliflower, lettuce, and radishes, while for semitropical plants, like melons, beans,
and tomatoes, benches are preferred." Steam heat for large houses and hot water
for small houses are recommended.
Relative to fruit growing, it is believed that the opportunities in this line are greater
than in any other line of commercial horticulture in Maine. With apples it has
been found that in the case of the Gravensteins the number of trees producing some
fruit was nearly 50 per cent greater when cultivation was practiced than when the
land was mulched, while the average yield was as 72 and 59, respectively. The use
of potash in different forms as a preventive of apple scab has given only negative
results. Cultivation has had a marked beneficial effect in the renovation of the
orchards.
In spraying experiments the amount of wormy fruit has been decreased by the use
of arsenicals. Paris green has injured foliage less than London purple or white
arsenic. While a pound of Paris green to 250 gal. of water reduced the amount of
wormy fruit, a strength of a pound to 100 gal. of water was required to kill the tent
caterpillar. Spraying with Paris green greatly lessened the number of windfalls and
the proportion of wormy fruit among the windfalls.
With the larger part of the wormy fruit from sprayed trees the wormholes were
at the side or base of the fruit, while in the case of fruit from unsprayed trees more
worms entered at the calyx end. Three applications of ammoniacal solution of copper
carbonate proved sufficient to control the apple scab fungus and resulted in saving
52 per cent of the crop, though the foliage and fruit were slightly injured. The
most satisfactory and effective fungicide, however, is the Bordeaux mixture.
The improvement of blueberries by crossing, selection, etc., is under way at the
station.
In the plant-breeding work evidence has been obtained which indicates that '"the
secondary results of crossing may be of fully as much importance as are directly
inherited qualities. Among these secondary effects are the possible immediate
influence of pollen upon the mother plant; the stimulating effect of pollen upon
the ovary, and the influence of varying amounts of pollen."
Report of the Upper Peninsula Substation for 1904 [Horticulture], L. M.
GEISMAR (Michigan Sta. Spec. Bul. 31, pp. 23-36).-A detailed account is given of
experiments at the station in the culture and tests of a number of varieties of garden
peas, beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, muskmelons, watermelons, tomatoes, cabbage,
cauliflower, celery, onions, leeks, salsify, kale, collards, lettuce, spinach, radishes,
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General Index to Experiment Station Record Volumes 13-25, 1901-1911 (Book)
A topical, alphabetically arranged index to volumes 13-25 including experiment station records, publications reviewed, and foreign publications. In has a 'Consolidated Table of Contents' which lists all editorial notes and publications of the experiment stations and Department of Agriculture from the referenced volumes
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United States. Office of Experiment Stations. Experiment Station Record, Volume 17, 1905-1906, book, 1906; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5037/m1/55/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.