Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition Page: 301
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FERROALLOYS
301
TABLE 5.-Ferroalloy prices for bulk quantities
Ferroalloy Grade 1 1957 1958
Dollars a pound Dollars a pound
f-tandard ..$0. 15 $0.15
Ferromanganese _.. . . Ln C....... $0. 29- .35 $0.29- .35
Spiegeleisen ............. ----------------------------------- 16-19 percent Mn.... -------------------------------------- .45 .45
Silicomanganese ---------- ....... ................ 65-68 percent Mn-------------------------------------- .13 .13
Ferrosilicon__ .----------------------------------- 50 percent Si...------------------------------------------ .14 .15
Ferrophosphorus... _.. ---------------------------- 24 percent P................------------------------------------------- .49 .54
Ferrochromium.. __ ..----------------------------- C--- ... ------------------------------------------- .29- .32 .29- .32
Ferrochromium simplex......-------------------------- LC -------------------------------------------------- .38 .38
Ferromolybdenum ..-----------------------------55-65 percent------------------------------------------ 1.68 1.76
Molybdic oxide.....-------------------------------- Technical (roaster concentrate) -- ----------------__ 1.39 1.47
Nickel_ _ ---------------------------------------Refined ---------------------------------------------- .74 .74
Ferrotitanium-_ ---------------------------------- LC --------------------------------------------- 1.35-1.55 1.35-1.55
Ferrotungsten _. ... _ _....... . ............. _ Specification .....-------------------------------------- 2. 15-2. 25 2. 05-2. 15
Ferrovanadium ....... --------------------------------35-55 percent Va ..-- ......... . ........---------- 3. 20-3.50 3.20-3.40
Ferroboron_ _ ..-----------------------------------17.50 percent B....------------------------------------ 1. 20-1. 30 1. 20-1. 41
Ferrocolumbium....... ............ .. -------------- Delivered-under 2 inch___------------------------------- 4.90 3. 45-3. 50
Ferrotantalum-columbium......... ....----------------------- elivered-under 2 inch. ------------------------------- 4. 20 3.05-3.10
Ferrozirconum -------------------------------115 percent Zr------------------------------------ .09- .12 .09- .12
l3-40 percent Zr .---------------------------- .27- .30 .26-. 30
I Grade symbols: LC=low carbon; HC=high carbon.which are subject to serious loss in the process.
The extent of those losses vary with the alloy
and with plant practice. Accurate figures are
not available but recovery will probably aver-
age 66, 78 and 85 percent for silicon, manga-
nese, and chromium respectively. Fortunately
recovery is essentially 100 percent for nickel
and molybdenum. Alloying additions to a
AISI 8640 triple-alloy steel, at the unit prices
shown in table 5 average: Nickel $8.00, molyb-
denum $6.00, chromium $3.50, manganese $2.50,
silicon $1.50-a total of $21.50 a ton of steel.
TARIFF
All ferroalloys are dutiable under para-
graph 302 of the Tariff Act of 1930. These
commodities carry various rates of duty; how-
ever, practically all rates have been reduced
under the Trade Agreements Act.
The tariffs effective in 1959 on the principal
ferroalloys and ferrous metals used for alloy-
ing were as follows:Ferroalloy and Ferrous Metal
Standard Ferromanganese (over 4 per-
cent C.).
Ferromanganese (under 1 percent C.)__
Ferrochromium (over 3 percent C.) ____
Ferrochromium (under 1 percent C.)__
Ferrosilicon (8-60 percent Si) ........
Silicon metal_
Silicon aluminum
Ferrotungsten__ _ ______Duty (per pound of
contained alloy)
% cent
0.8 cent + 6
percent ad
valorem.
% cent
10 percent
ad valorem.
0.8 cent
4.0 cents
2~/ cents
42 cents+l12/
percent ad
valorem.Tariffs on other ferroalloy materials varied
widely, most being in the ranges shown above
for the principal types. A few were duty
free.TRANSPORTATION
New methods of handling have been adopted
to reduce labor costs. The ferroalloy producer
has been gradually building more modern
plants in which more movement of materials
is done by machinery. More and more ferro-
alloying products are trucked directly to the
steelmill sometimes carried in the mills' own
charge buckets thereby reducing inventory,
storage area use, and handling. In the same
vein, more ferroalloys have been packaged in
bags and cans of a nominal weight of con-
tained alloy which were shipped in pallet boxes
for easy handling by fork-trucks. The bags
and cans reduce the amount of handling by
the consumer and eliminate most of the weigh-
ing because both container and alloy were
charged into the molten steel.
RESEARCH
The Bureau of Mines conducts a continuing
research program on many phases of metal-
lurgy that are designed to increase the percent
of recovery of contained metal from ores by
developing new, or improving old processes
and to increase the purity and enhance the
properties of extracted metals and alloys.
ome of these processes have been adopted by
industry.
The range of projects on which work is
being done is broad, including the leaching of
ores with bacteria, improving the analysis of
minute particles in high purity metals and al-
loys, and the gathering of thermodynamic data
for use in metallurgical processes.
The ferroalloy industry is conducting an
undetermined amount of research on extrac-
tive and on physical metallurgy that is related
to improving the processes and products of
their plants.
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition, report, 1960; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc38790/m1/309/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.