Access to Knowledge: a guide for everyone Page: 113
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5.2. Glossary
ing, to involve ISPs in copyright enforcement. Typically ISPs are re-
quired to give two warnings to users whom the copyright owners al-
lege are infringing copyright, then after a third alleged infringement
to terminate or suspend the user's Internet connection. Synonyms:
three strikes
ICANN- The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a
non-profit private body responsible for developing and administer-
ing the policies for the allocation of Internet resources such as do-
main names and IP addresses.
ICT - Information and Communication Technologies include computers,
telephones and communication networks such as the Internet.
IETF - The Internet Engineering Task Force is a standards body respon-
sible for development of most of the networking standards for the
operation of the Internet.
IGF - The Internet Governance Forum is a forum formed under the aus-
pices of the United Nations, to provide "a transparent, democratic,
and multilateral process, with the participation of governments, pri-
vate sector, civil society and international organisations, in their re-
spective roles" for dialogue on Internet Governance policy.
IP - Usually refers to intellectual property - that is, principally copyright,
patents and trade marks. It can also refer to the Internet Protocol
which is a component of the TCP/IP networking standard on which
the Internet is based. Intellectual Property has been described as
a misnomer on two grounds: firstly, different types of intellectual
property such as copyright and patents are quite dissimilar legally.
Secondly, none of them have much in common with real or personal
property. Synonyms: IPR
ISP - Internet Service Provider
Linux - Linux is the kernel of a free computer operating system released
under the GNU GPL. In common usage, it also refers to complete
operating systems based on the Linux kernel and also incorporating
other software, including GNU software.
net neutrality - Net neutrality is a movement advocating the equal treat-
ment of Internet content by telecommunications providers and ISPs.
The alternative is that differential treatment may be applied to differ-
ent types of content based on its source or other criteria, including
the payment of money by the content provider. Synonyms: network
neutrality
ODF - OpenDocument Format is an ISO open standard for office docu-
ments such as word processing, spreadsheet and presentation files.113
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Noronha, Frederick & Malcolm, Jeremy. Access to Knowledge: a guide for everyone, text, 2010; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33297/m1/123/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .