Geological Reconnaissance of the Sulphur River and Cypress Creek Basins, Texas Page: 20 of 148
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PART III: GENERAL GEOLOGIC SETTING
Regional Structure and Areal Relations
23. The sediments of the study area are of Quaternary, Tertiary,
and Cretaceous age and represent deposition by fluvial and marine proc-
esses in environments ranging from shallow marine through deltaic and
coastal to terrestrial. Except for local complications, all strata dip
gently to the southeast; the oldest sediments are exposed in the north-
western part of the area and the youngest sediments in the southeastern
part (fig. 1). Erosion of the sediments of differing lithologies and
degrees of induration has resulted in a northeast-southwest-trending
"belted topography" that is characteristic of the emerged Coastal Plain.
The more erosion-resistant strata form hilly interfluves and cuestas; the
less resistant strata are characterized by streams and lowlands.
24. Trending generally northeast-southwest through the study area,
the East Texas Syncline (also known as the Pittsburg Syncline) portion of
the East Texas Embayment is a broad structural downwarping, which has af-
fected the regional dip of the strata (fig. 1). Whereas most strata dip
southeastward, the presence of the syncline has caused the strata south of
the synclinal axis to have a gentle north or northwest dip.
25. The second notable structural feature of the area is the Mexia-
Talco Fault System, which trends north of and roughly parallel to the syn-
clinal axis. This fault system is composed of a series of en echelon
grabens, individual faults having steep dips and near-surface displacements
of several hundred feet. The general configuration of the fault system is
shown in fig. 1; the system is discussed in more detail in paragraph 48.
Stratigraphy and Lithology
26. The stratigraphic section or sequence of formations in the study
area is presented in plate 2. Of the more than 2500 ft of sediments rep-
resented, virtually all are fine-grained. Coarse sand- or gravel-size ma-
terials are known to occur only in extremely small quantities in Quaternary8
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Saucier, Roger T. Geological Reconnaissance of the Sulphur River and Cypress Creek Basins, Texas, report, November 1967; Vicksburg, Mississippi. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc303912/m1/20/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.