Wastewater Facilities: Experts' Views on How Federal Funds Should Be Spent to Improve Security Page: 3 of 76
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Contents
Letter 1
Executive Summary 2
Purpose 2
Background 3
Results in Brief 4
Principal Findings 5
Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 12
Chapter 1 13
The Nation's Wastewater Systems and the Populations They
Introduction Serve 13
Key Components of a Typical Wastewater System 14
Government and Industry Have Recently Sought to Improve
Security 19
Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 21
Chapter 2 24
Experts Identified Key Experts Identified Five Key Vulnerabilities 25
Overarching Vulnerabilities Affecting Overall Wastewater System
Vulnerabilities That Security 35
Could Compromise
Wastewater SecurityChapter 3
Experts Identified
Wastewater
Security-Enhancing
Activities That Warrant
Federal SupportReplace Gaseous Chemicals with Less Hazardous Alternatives
Improve Local, State, and Regional Collaboration Efforts
Complete Vulnerability Assessments
Expand Training Opportunities for Wastewater Utility Operators and
Administrators
Improve National Communication Efforts between Utilities and Key
Entities Responsible for Homeland Security
Install Early Warning Systems in Collection Systems to Monitor for
or Detect Sabotage
Harden Physical Assets of Treatment Plants and Collection
Systems
Strengthen Operations and Personnel Procedures
Increase Research and Development Efforts to Improve Detection,
Assessment, and Response CapabilitiesGAO-05-165 Wastewater Security
Page i
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United States. Government Accountability Office. Wastewater Facilities: Experts' Views on How Federal Funds Should Be Spent to Improve Security, report, January 31, 2005; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc292046/m1/3/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.