Use of GIS to Identify and Delineate Areas of Fluoride, Sulfate, Chloride, and Nitrate Levels in the Woodbine Aquifer, North Central Texas, in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s Page: 2
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even though fluoride is known as an important element in drinking water for reducing
dental caries, it can have adverse effects on teeth and bones at high concentrations.
The selected study area is the Woodbine Aquifer located in north-central Texas.
Its area extends from Grayson, Fannin, Lamar, and Red River Counties in the north to
McLennan County in the south. Grayson, Cooke, Denton, Collin, Tarrant, Dallas,
Johnson, Ellis, and Hill Counties were studied (Figure 1).
There were some previous reports about the amount of fluoride, nitrate, sulfate,
and chloride in the region, such as Hopkins (1996), and Hudak (1999, 2000). Hopkins
studied chloride, sulfate, fluoride, iron, magnesium, and boron levels in the Woodbine
Aquifer. That study used 78 wells sampled from 1993 through 1995 by the Texas Water
Development Board (TWDB). The resulting maps of chloride, sulfate, and fluoride
showed that some areas in the aquifer had higher concentrations than the drinking water
standards. Hudak (1999, 2000) studied fluoride, sulfate, and chloride levels in Texas
groundwater. Water chemistry data obtained from TWDB were collected from 1990-
1998. The results showed that some counties in north-central Texas had median fluoride
concentrations above the secondary drinking water standard of 2.0 mg/L. Counties in
north-central Texas had median sulfate and chloride levels ranging from 51 to 250 mg
/L, and from 0 to 250 mg/L, respectively.
To better understand whether there is any relationship between land use and
concentrations of the four contaminants in groundwater, land use, well location and
contaminant concentrations were investigated over the last five decades, 1950 to 1999
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Sanmanee, Sirichai. Use of GIS to Identify and Delineate Areas of Fluoride, Sulfate, Chloride, and Nitrate Levels in the Woodbine Aquifer, North Central Texas, in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, thesis, August 2001; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2869/m1/11/: accessed April 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .