Knowledge-sharing Practices Among Turkish Peacekeeping Officers Page: 30
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is lost with the death of individuals. Likewise, organizational knowledge is lost with the
downsizing of companies or with employee layoffs if the companies do not have an
action plan for knowledge retention, the company will experience a decrease in the
decision making process and effectiveness of the organization (Housel & Bell, 2001).
There are many external and internal processes, such as resignations,
retirements, and outsourcing that cause knowledge loss in organizations. Early
retirements of experienced employees can also cause knowledge loss. Organizations
can implement several strategies, such as modeling, exit interview process,
apprenticeship, gap analysis, and knowledge recall, in order to prevent knowledge loss
derived from the retirement process (Stam, 2010). Besides downsizing, layoff, and
early retirement, the other causes of knowledge loss are exaggerating of new
knowledge by ignoring old knowledge, memorizing knowledge without practicing, and
inflexibly overstating knowledge to prevent new opportunities (Housel & Bell, 2001).
Knowledge retention is prevention against knowledge loss. Knowledge retention
is an effort to create organizational memory that includes an organization's archives and
employees' memories. Three different knowledge processes are applied to building an
organizational memory: knowledge acquisition, storage, and retrieval (DeLong, 2004).
Organizations cannot be satisfied with doing what they know; they need to retain what
they know organizationally in order to stay competitive (Paladino, 2007). Knowledge
gained through learning by doing is lost rapidly. Knowledge is depreciated through
turnover of employees, misplaced instruction manuals, and individual forgetting.
Technology usage can prevent or reduce knowledge loss (Epple, Argote, & Darr, 1995).
Developments in information technologies, in efforts for retaining knowledge from30
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Eren, Murat Erkan. Knowledge-sharing Practices Among Turkish Peacekeeping Officers, dissertation, August 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149588/m1/41/: accessed April 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .