Knowledge-sharing Practices Among Turkish Peacekeeping Officers Page: 15
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The iceberg analogy is helpful to clarify these different kinds of knowledge.
Explicit knowledge can be considered as the visible part of the iceberg, while tacit
knowledge can be imagined the part of the iceberg beneath the water. The first one can
be seen and recognized easily, but the second one is hard to express and transfer
(Milovanovic, 2006). Table 2 presents comparison between tacit and explicit knowledge.
Explicit knowledge corresponds to know-what, which is about truths, and know-why,
which is about natural principles and easily captured from written sources. However,
tacit knowledge is related to know-how, which is about the capacity and potential to do
some tasks, and know-who, which is about experts and managers and difficult to
capture (Hawamdeh & Hussein, 2001).
Knowledge Management
Similar to data, information, and knowledge, knowledge management is defined
in numerous ways. Alavi and Leidner (2001) point out knowledge management is an
active, multi-facet, and constant organizational phenomenon. Knowledge management
is related to information systems, organizational theory, and strategic
management. With such a broad perspective, Davenport and Prusak (1998) describe
knowledge management as acquiring, creating, storing, and using knowledge. In the
same way, according to Darroch (2003), there are four dimensions in the field of
knowledge management: capturing, storing, disseminating, and using knowledge. Thus,
knowledge management can be defined as a process of managing knowledge that
includes creating, storing, and disseminating knowledge as well as using knowledge,
which are realized in an organization or between organizations.15
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Eren, Murat Erkan. Knowledge-sharing Practices Among Turkish Peacekeeping Officers, dissertation, August 2012; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149588/m1/26/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .