Policy Guidelines for the Development and Promotion of Open Access Page: 7
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especially the Knowledge Societies Division (KSD) engages
in creating an enabling environment in Member States to
facilitate access to information and knowledge in order
to build inclusive knowledge societies. Open Access to
scientific information and research is one of the many
programmes on which the KSD works to increase access
to information and knowledge. Some of the other related
areas where UNESCO works are:
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
In the area of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS),
UNESCO fulfils its basic functions of a laboratory of ideas
and a standard-setter to forge universal agreements on
emerging ethical issues by supporting the development
and use of open, interoperable, non-discriminatory
standards for information handling and access as
important elements in developing effective infostructures
that contribute to democratic practices, accountability
and good governance. Recognising that software plays
a crucial role in access to information and knowledge,
UNESCO supported the development and distribution
of software such as the Micro CDS/ISIS' (information
storage and retrieval software) and Greenstone2 (digital
library software). FOSS is the engine for the growth and
development of Open Access, and UNESCO encourages
community approaches to software development.
Preservation of Digital Heritage
Preservation of digital cultural heritage, including
digital information is a priority area for UNESCO. Digital
preservation consists of the processes aimed at ensuring
the continued accessibility of digital materials. Making
information that are preserved accessible to citizens is
facilitated through the appropriate use of a combination
of software and hardware tools. UNESCO's Charter on the
Preservation of the Digital Heritage (2003) states that
"the purpose of preserving the digital heritage is
to ensure that it remains accessible to the public.
Accordingly, access to digital heritage materials,
especially those in the public domain, should be free of
unreasonable restrictions. At the same time, sensitive
and personal information should be protected from
any form of intrusion.
UNESCO's Memory of the World (MoW) programme aims
at preserving world's documentary heritage by making
it permanently accessible to all without hindrance. The
mission of the Memory of the World Programme is:
1 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/access-
to-knowledge/free-and-open-source-software-foss/cdsisis/
2 http://www.greenstone.org/To facilitate preservation, by the most appropriate
techniques, of the world's documentary heritage.
To assist universal access to documentary heritage.
To increase awareness worldwide of the existence and
significance of documentary heritage.
Open Educational Resources
Access to high quality education is key to the building
of peace, sustainable social and economic development,
and intercultural dialogue. Open Educational Resources
(OER) provide a strategic opportunity to improve access
to quality education at all levels, and increase dialogue,
knowledge sharing and capacity building. In the
education and research ecosystem, OER and OA forms
two important interventions that works in an integrated
fashion to promote the quality of learning and generate
new knowledge. The term OER was coined at UNESCO in
the 2002 Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for
Higher Education in Developing Countries.
Information for All Programme (IFAP)
KSD also hosts the intergovernmental programme -
Information for All Programme (IFAP) that is engaged in
reducing the gap between information have and have not
in North and South.The IFAP seeks to:
promote international reflection and debate on the
ethical, legal and societal challenges of the information
society;
promote and widen access to information in the public
domain through the organisation, digitisation and
preservation of information;
support training, continuing education and lifelong
learning in the fields of communication, information
and informatics;
support the production of local content and foster the
availability of indigenous knowledge through basic
literacy and ICT literacy training;
promote the use of international standards and
best practices in communication, information and
informatics in UNESCO's fields of competence; and
promote information and knowledge networking at
local, national, regional and international levels.
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Swan, Alma. Policy Guidelines for the Development and Promotion of Open Access, book, 2012; Paris, France. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc141806/m1/8/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .