Surface-Water Seepage into Anthracite Mines in the Lackawanna Basin, Northern Field: Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania Page: 12
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SURFACE-WATER SEEPAGE INTO MINES, LACKAWANNA BASIN, PA.
FIGURE 9.-Semicircular Wooden-Stave Flume.
strata are badly broken by mining operations.
In some places stream channels cross subsided
areas. To prevent formation of a- swamp or
pool, with ultimate seepage of most of the water
into mine workings, the stream bed is raised to
grade so that the water can flow over the sub-
sided areas. Dikes are built along the banks of
the stream channel to confine the water and pre-
vent its draining to lower land (8).Natural stream beds can be made less pervious
by adding fine materials to seal the openings
through which water can seep into strata under-
lying the stream. The addition of clay, silt, or
other small materials to the stream bed reduces
seepage. Relatively small quantities of small
solids are used to avoid choking the stream bed
or polluting the stream.12
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Ash, S. H. (Simon Harry), b. 1889; Eaton, W. L. & Whaite, R. H. Surface-Water Seepage into Anthracite Mines in the Lackawanna Basin, Northern Field: Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania, report, 1952; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12677/m1/16/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.