Surface Machinery and Methods for Oil-Well Pumping Page: 110
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110 SURFACE MACHINERY AND METHODS FOR OIL-WELL PUMPING.
units is against their use for beam pumping. Oil and gas engines
exert their maximum torque at high speeds and have no torque at
zero speed; hence the complicated reversing clutch is necessary for
pulling rods and tubing.
Plates X and XI (pp. 58 and 60) show the machinery and equip-
ment a California company uses at the well for an electrical
installation for pumping on the beam; Table 5 gives a list of the
machinery and equipment required. Reference No. 44 in Table 5
describes the motor used as 15 to 30 horsepower, 3-phase, 60-cycle,
440-volt, 2-speed variable, complete.
These 2-speed motors are made in various sizes, as: 10 to 25, 15 to
30, and 20 to 50 horsepower. The lower rating for each motor is the
pumping rating, and the higher that used to pull rods and tubing.
Some oil-field operators, who use electric power at wells pumping
on the beam and requiring little pulling of rods and tubing, prefer
to install a motor of suitable size for pumping service only, such as
5, 74, 10, or 15 horsepower, and use a 30-horsepower motor mounted
on a truck to pull rods and tubing at all of the wells. This means a
decided saving, as a 15 to 30 horsepower motor installed at the well
for pumping and pulling costs about $1,200, as compared with $150
for a 5-horsepower motor when the latter is large enough for pump-
ing alone.
No special electrical features are necessary with an electric motor
for driving a central power or jack plant. However, a countershaft
or a reduction gear is necessary with many types of powers to secure
proper speed.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS.
Many operators claim less breakage of shackle lines and longer
life of belts because of the smoothness and regularity of motor drive.
Wells pumped by a central power or jack plant have rods and
tubing pulled with a portable pulling machine operated by a team
of horses, or if electric power is used at the property, operated by a
motor-driven pulling machine. Electric power, when available, is
generally more satisfactory for unit, pumping powers than steam,
oil, or gas engines, as the wells so operated are generally small, and
the use of motor drive usually means much saving in labor and at-
tention. At Bartlesville, Okla., wells formerly pumped by a central
power or jack plant are now pumped individually by motor-driven
unit powers, because the growth of the city necessitated removal of
the shackle lines which formerly crossed the streets and alleys. A
number of wells on the Arkansas River bed, near Jenks, Okla., that
are surrounded for several months during the year with water, were
formerly pumped by a central power. The breakage of shackle lines
during high water, and the difficulty of repair in the water, caused
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George, H. C. Surface Machinery and Methods for Oil-Well Pumping, report, 1925; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12407/m1/139/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.