Various types of tissue distortion and structural artifacts which occur in stained microscopic tissue sections are usually referred to as "fixation artifacts." These include, among other effects, shrinkage of cells (e.g. crenation of red cells, shrinkage of blood plasma away from vessel walls, and shrinkage of groups of cells producing microscopic empty spaces between structures within the tissue section. On the other hand, swelling and even rupture of cells (e.g. homolysis of red cells) is also sometimes seen. with the freeze drying technique, although better preparations are obtained (particularly in regard to the preservation of molecular and cytoplastic structures within …
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Atomic Energy Commission Report AECU-2209
Description
Various types of tissue distortion and structural artifacts which occur in stained microscopic tissue sections are usually referred to as "fixation artifacts." These include, among other effects, shrinkage of cells (e.g. crenation of red cells, shrinkage of blood plasma away from vessel walls, and shrinkage of groups of cells producing microscopic empty spaces between structures within the tissue section. On the other hand, swelling and even rupture of cells (e.g. homolysis of red cells) is also sometimes seen. with the freeze drying technique, although better preparations are obtained (particularly in regard to the preservation of molecular and cytoplastic structures within the cell) than with the usual chemical fixation, the above mentioned types of artifacts may occur. Most artifacts which are found following freeze drying have usually been attributed to damage from small ice crystals. The evidence to be presented here indicates that, with the freeze drying technique, artifacts in tissue sections which are associations with shrinkage or swelling of cells are introduced subsequent to the freeze drying step.
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Holt, Margaret W. & Warren, Shields, 1898-1980.Structural Alterations in the Tissue Sections Associated with Embedding Following Freeze Drying,
report,
October 31, 1952;
Washington D.C..
(https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1240604/:
accessed June 5, 2026),
University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu;
crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.