Mining and Treatment of Feldspar and Kaolin in the Southern Appalachian Region Page: 2
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2 CONTENTS.
Testing tne sampies-Continued. Page.
Kaolins....... ............... ............-...-. . . ........ 36
Rational analysis of clay .......... ........ ..................... 38
Bollenbach method ..........-------..........-----------------............-----------....... 38
Determination of feldspathic matter by calculation from silica
present in the siliceous residue. . ..--------------------------- 39
Determination of feldspathic matter by calculation from alumina
present in the siliceous residue-.. ............. ..... ... 41
Impurities of kaolin............................................. 41
Refractory value of a kaolin...................................... 42
Shrinkage......................................................... 43
Color.............................................................. 44
Tensile strength .................. ........... ..... . ....... ..... 46
Laboratory washing process for kaolin.............................. 46
Schultze elutriation apparatus ................................. 46
Discussion of analyses of washed kaolins. ....................... 49
Laboratory kaolin-washing process in detail-................... 52
Properties of kaolin in porcelain mixtures- ........................ 54
Tensile test- .................... ................... ........... 54
Translucency test ............. .......... .... .... .. ... .... 55
Vitrification range and absorption...-..... -...... ............ 55
The grading of color..........................------------------------------------ 55
Shrinkage ....... ......... ............... .............. 55
Tests under glaze.........................--------------------------------------. 56
Blank or standard trial for kaolin............................... 56
Q uartz.......................... ..................................... 57
Color.............................................................. 58
Semikaolinized feldspars.................................. ............. 58
Substitution of semikaolinized feldspars for feldspars ................. 62
Mining and refining the products of the pegmatite dikes--. ....-----............-----------.. 64
Feldspar... ..... ....... ..... ...................................... 64
Mining by open-cut ----....----.............----------------------------...------.... 64
Tunneling and stoping........................................... 64
Refining...-..--.........- -----............. 65
Crushing and pulverizing................. -- .---................. 65
K aolins............................................................... 65
Removal of overburden----..............---------------------------------............ 65
Mining kaolins from dikes....--.....--..-----------------------..--......-----66
Kaolin mining by open-cut ................... ................... 66
Kaolin mining by shaft----.----.......------.......----------------------.........- 67
Combination of open-cut and shaft mining..-----..........--------------.....---..... 70
Removal of water from kaolin mines................................ 70
Conveying the crude kaolin to the washing plant.................... 72
Refining the kaolin..------.....----........---------------------------.........--... 72
Clay washers--....-..-..------......-------------..........------------------. 72
Sand wheels............-- ................--------------------------------------- 73
The sand trough -------..............---------------- -----------.......-...--- 74
The mica troughs.. ----..........---------------------------...-..-....----- 75
The screen----.....----......-------------.......----- ----- ....----- 76
Concentrating tank -.......------...---..---------------..------------......... 76
Agitator.........................---------------------------------------------77
Pump------------...............--........... - 77
Presses..--.-. --------........................... 77
Driers........................................................ 78
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Watts, A. S. Mining and Treatment of Feldspar and Kaolin in the Southern Appalachian Region, report, 1913; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12268/m1/4/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.