Geothermal direct-contact heat exchange. Final report
Description
A glass direct contact heat exchange column was operated in the laboratory at atmospheric pressure using hot water and normal hexane. Column internals tested included an empty column, sieve trays, disk-and-doughnut trays, and two types of packing. Operation was very smooth in all cases and the minimum temperature approaches varied from less than 1{sup 0}C for packing to 13{sup 0}C for the empty column. High heat transfer rates were obtained in all cases, however, columns should be sized on the basis of liquid and vapor traffic. The solubilities of hydrocarbons were determined for normal hexane, pentane and butane in water … continued below
Physical Description
Pages: 117
Creation Information
Sims, A.V. June 10, 1976.
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Holt (Ben) Co., Pasadena, CA (USA)
Place of Publication: United States
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Description
A glass direct contact heat exchange column was operated in the laboratory at atmospheric pressure using hot water and normal hexane. Column internals tested included an empty column, sieve trays, disk-and-doughnut trays, and two types of packing. Operation was very smooth in all cases and the minimum temperature approaches varied from less than 1{sup 0}C for packing to 13{sup 0}C for the empty column. High heat transfer rates were obtained in all cases, however, columns should be sized on the basis of liquid and vapor traffic. The solubilities of hydrocarbons were determined for normal hexane, pentane and butane in water and sodium chloride and calcium chloride brines at various temperatures. The values seem to be internally consistent and salt content was found to depress hydrocabon solubility. Laboratory stripping tests showed that gas stripping can be used to remove hydrocarbon from reject hot water from the direct contact heat exchange column. Although the gas volumes required are small, stripping gas requirements cannot be accurately predicted without testing. A computer program was used to study the effect of operating variables on thermodynamic cycle efficiencies. Optimum efficiencies for the moderate brine conditions studied were obtained with isopentane as working fluid and relatively low operating pressure. A preliminary design for a 50 MWe plant was prepared and plant capital cost and operating cost were estimated. These costs were combined with previously developed brine production and power transmission costs to provide an estimate of the cost of delivered power for a geothermal field at Heber, California. A pilot plant program is described that would be suitable for continuing the investigation of the direct contact process in the field. The program includes a suggested schedule and the estimated cost.
Physical Description
Pages: 117
Notes
NTIS, PC A06/MF A01.
Subjects
Keywords
- Alkali Metal Compounds
- Alkaline Earth Metal Compounds
- Alkanes
- Bench-Scale Experiments
- Binary-Fluid Systems
- Brines
- Butane
- Calcium Chlorides
- Calcium Compounds
- Calcium Halides
- California
- Chlorides
- Chlorine Compounds
- Computer Codes
- Computerized Simulation
- Cost
- Design
- Direct Contact Heat Exchangers
- Direct Reactions
- Economic Analysis
- Economics
- Efficiency
- Energy Systems
- Energy Transfer
- Flashed Steam Systems
- Fluids
- Functional Models
- Geothermal Fields
- Geothermal Legacy
- Geothermal Power Plants
- Halides
- Halogen Compounds
- Heat Exchangers
- Heat Transfer
- Heber Geothermal Field
- Hexane
- Hydrocarbons
- North America
- Nuclear Reactions
- Organic Compounds
- Pentane
- Pilot Plants
- Power Plants
- Power Range 10-100 Mw
- Salinity
- Simulation
- Sodium Chlorides
- Sodium Compounds
- Solubility
- Solvent Properties
- Steam Systems
- Stripping
- Thermal Power Plants
- Thermodynamic Cycles
- Transfer Reactions
- Usa
- Western Region Geothermal Legacy 150802* -- Geothermal Power Plants-- Power Plant Systems & Components
- Working Fluids
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- Other: DE81023098
- Report No.: DOE/TIC-1023098
- Grant Number: EY-76-C-03-1116
- Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.2172/6405855
- Office of Scientific & Technical Information Report Number: 6405855
- Archival Resource Key: ark:/67531/metadc1209555
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- June 10, 1976
Added to The UNT Digital Library
- July 5, 2018, 11:11 p.m.
Description Last Updated
- Oct. 22, 2018, 1:16 p.m.
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Sims, A.V. Geothermal direct-contact heat exchange. Final report, report, June 10, 1976; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1209555/: accessed April 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.