Development of pixel detectors for SSC vertex tracking Page: 2 of 11
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Fig. 1. SSC pixel development time line.
A principal benefit is high resolution position determination to better than 10 pm
accuracy. The resulting high resolution tracking provides for accurate momentum mea-
surements and the determination of secondary vertices. Interesting events in the Super
Collider will come from the decay of short lived particles which travel a short distance
from the primary interaction point and then decay, creating a secondary vertex. Addi-
tionally, the pixel’s small area allows high track densities and multiple interactions to be
resolved, since the probability of multiple hits within the same detector during an event
is small. Lastly, the low pixel capacitance results in a signal to noise ratio from minimum
ionizing particles of greater than fifty to one. This allows for improvements in system
design and a reduction in the effects of radiation. The signal-to-noise ratio degrades due
to an increase in noise from radiation induced increases in dark current. The small pixel
area results in an exceptionally small initial dark current. Pixel detectors are, thus, well
suited to applications close to the beam-line where radiation dosages are highest.
Hughes Aircraft Company is participating in a pixel detector development collab-
oration with high energy physicists from various universities and national laboratories.1
This collaboration has been in place for the last two years. Many of the tests and results
described in this paper, however, are attributable to the earlier effort funded by the SSC
Generic Research Program.2 The collaboration hopes to capitalize on the technology de-
veloped by Hughes Aircraft Company through defense department contracts related to
infrared sensor technology over the last 20 to 30 years. The long range plan of the col-
laboration is the development of a validated end-to-end pixel detector system which can
serve as a vertex detector at the SSC. This plan is shown in Fig. 1. The collaboration is
presently on schedule, in having demonstrated a working room-temperature hybrid pixel
array,3 and is presently designing and testing the first pixel detectors designed specifi-
cally for SSC application.4 Together with the design of the individual detector chips, the
collaboration is pursuing the overall system design. This design includes the detector,
the electrical interconnections, the cable packaging, the mechanical and thermal design,
and the signal processing. The successful implementation of a vertex detector requires
consideration of these system issues in the early stages of development.
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Kramer, G. (Hughes Aircraft Co., El Segundo, CA (USA). Electro-Optical and Data Systems Group); Atlas, E.L.; Augustine, F.; Barken, O.; Collins, T.; Marking, W.L. et al. Development of pixel detectors for SSC vertex tracking, article, April 1, 1991; Menlo Park, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1093610/m1/2/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.