Cerium oxide coated anodes for aluminum electrowinning: Topical report, October 1, 1986-June 30, 1987 Page: 18 of 155
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carbon anode and by a lower cell voltage, achieved by reduction of the
anode-cathode distance and reduction of the anode polarization. The
energy requirement for the conventional Hall-Heroult cell is summarized
below (7).
Energy Requirement for Hall-Heroult Process
1.
Thermodynamic Potential
1.2 V
2.
iR Loss in Bath
1.9 V
3.
Anode Polarization
.5 V
4.
iR loss in Electrodes and
Current Collections
.9
Total Cell Voltage
4.5
Although the reversible potential for a dimensionally stable oxygen
anode is approximately one volt greater than that of a carbon anode,
this can be more than offset by a lower overvoltage and lower ohmic
losses. The polarization requirement for an inert anode has been
reported to be .2 V less than that of a carbon electrode (2). In
addition, the conductivity of cermet anodes may reach three times that
of carbon (8) and would greatly reduce ohmic losses in the anode. The
use of an inert anode, in combination with a wettable cathode, also
offers the potential of reducing the interelectrode distance, greatly
lowering the ohmic drop in the electrolyte. The development of a more
compact cell design may also result from this technology. The energy
requirement for a Hall-Heroult cell using inert anodes is summarized
below. It is assumed that the anode-cathode gap is half that used in
the conventional process.
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Walker, J. K. Cerium oxide coated anodes for aluminum electrowinning: Topical report, October 1, 1986-June 30, 1987, report, December 1, 1987; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1092946/m1/18/: accessed April 22, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.