Chernobyl source term, atmospheric dispersion, and dose estimation Gudiksen, P.H. Harvey, T.F. Lange, R. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1988-02-01 English The Chernobyl source term available for long-range transport was estimated by integration of radiological measurements with atmospheric dispersion modeling, and by reactor core radionuclide inventory estimation in conjunction with WASH-1400 release fractions associated with specific chemical groups. These analyses indicated that essentially all of the noble gases, 80% of the radioiodines, 40% of the radiocesium, 10% of the tellurium, and about 1% or less of the more refractory elements were released. Atmospheric dispersion modeling of the radioactive cloud over the Northern Hemisphere revealed that the cloud became segmented during the first day, with the lower section heading toward Scandinavia and the uppper part heading in a southeasterly direction with subsequent transport across Asia to Japan, the North Pacific, and the west coast of North America. The inhalation doses due to direct cloud exposure were estimated to exceed 10 mGy near the Chernobyl area, to range between 0.1 and 0.001 mGy within most of Europe, and to be generally less than 0.00001 mGy within the US. The Chernobyl source term was several orders of magnitude greater than those associated with the Windscale and TMI reactor accidents, while the /sup 137/Cs from the Chernobyl event is about 6% of that released by the US and USSR atmospheric nuclear weapon tests. 9 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs. Populations Europe Reactor Accidents Source Terms Beta Decay Radioisotopes Mathematical Models Cesium 137 Beta-Minus Decay Radioisotopes Fallout Western Europe Isotopes Intake Inhalation Intermediate Mass Nuclei Power Reactors Thermal Reactors Radionuclide Migration Meteorology Even-Even Nuclei 22 General Studies Of Nuclear Reactors Alkaline Earth Isotopes Accidents Distribution Reactors Human Populations Mass Transfer Alkali Metal Isotopes Lwgr Type Reactors Years Living Radioisotopes 210300* -- Power Reactors, Nonbreeding, Graphite Moderated Odd-Even Nuclei Atmospheric Circulation Strontium 90 Enriched Uranium Reactors Long-Range Transport Dose Equivalents Environmental Transport Nuclei Radioisotopes Chernobylsk-4 Reactor 220500 -- Nuclear Reactor Technology-- Environmental Aspects Cesium Isotopes 21 Specific Nuclear Reactors And Associated Plants Spatial Distribution Water Cooled Reactors Graphite Moderated Reactors Strontium Isotopes SCOPE-ENUWAR workshop on the environmental consequences of nuclear war, Moscow, USSR, 20 Mar 1988 Article 17 pages Text other: DE88008886 rep-no: UCRL-98235 rep-no: CONF-880367-3 grantno: W-7405-ENG-48 osti: 5027173 https://digital.library.unt.edu:443/ark:/67531/metadc1060364/ ark: ark:/67531/metadc1060364