New liquid scintillators for fiber-optic applications Page: 4 of 8
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Liquid "A", fluor No. 4, has been successfully used in a plasma-imaging experiment fielded
at the Nevada Test Site.1 This experiment utilized approximately 100 channejs of graded-
index fiber, each 550 m long, to relay space and time information to up-hole detectors. The
pea). of the emission spectrum for Liquid "A", given in Figure 1, is shifted from 450 Jim to
540 nm when folded with the absorption spectrum of 500 m of fiber.
Fluor No. 5 is a two-solute system consisting of a blue-emitting wave]ength-shifter,
DID3UQ, and a green-emitting final solute, Coumarin 540-A (C-540A) dissolved in psuedo-cumene.
This scintillator has a slow decay component that is predominant at the red edge of the
C-540A emission band. The integral rise time, 4.2 ns at 510 nm, increases to nearly 20 na
at 600 nrm. At high C-540A concentrations (fluor No. 6) the FW14 of this two-solute system
becomes very fast (<360 ps), but the slow component is still present (IRT >2.6 n:). The
emission spectrum of fluor No. 5 is given in Figure 1. A plot of the impulse response of
fluor No. 6 is given in Figure 2.
I 1
Ui - ,i I..,A ..w ,S7Yo,
ILt+.31 11I IL.S1 4M.1I -
-o - S..-e..
0 - -
41gre2 Ipls e.os aj f
"a -
0
-gr .Sitltrmsinpt I I I . I
" 01 1I 73 1* is al 3) 40 4.1 in
0
310 400 410 600 50 400 410 1Y" TA 1-1 41
Figure 2. Impulse response of
Figure 1. Scintillator emission spectra fluor No. 6
rluors Nos. 7 and S are two red-emitting scintillators utilizing Xodak Dye 1.4567 as a
final solute. Coumarin 480 is used as a wavelrncgth-shifter. These dyes arc dissolved in
benzo-dioxane (BID, fluor No. 7) and benzyl alcohol. (BA, fluor No. 8). The emission maximum
of Kodak Dye 1J.4567 varies from 540 nra, when dissolved in the non-polar solvent, psuedo-
cumene, to 650 nmr when dissolved in the very polar benayl alcohol. The 1D Iluor is the more
efficient of the two, but it also has the slrowest integral rise time. The PA 1.luor has the
larger emission wavelength, but it is the less efficient of the two scintillators using dye
$14567. The emission spectra of fluors Nos. 7 and 8 are given in figure 1.
Fluors and fibers
Fluor--fiber system designs involve a variety of engineering tradeoffs toachieve specified
performance goals. Figure 3 illustrates such a tradeoff study in which absolute system sen-
sitivity was investigated as a function of fiber length for several. fluors. In this case,
the system bandwidth was fixed (at 80 1)]z) , as was fiber type (high-quality graded-index)
and photo-receiver (ITT type MA-3 photocathode; seelnset, Figure 3). The system sensitivity,
S(L), in photoelectrons (pe) from the receiver photocathode per rad (100 ergs/g) deposited
in the fluor is given by:
S(L) - K - * T(a0,L) - P(A ,L,nW) (2)
where
K experimental calibration factor to express the sensitivity in absolute
terms of photoelectrons per rad (sce Appendix 1)
W(xA) a spectral sensitivity of 1T3' photocathode at. the wavolcngth A. (C/J)
T(A L) spectral tran mi:;sion of the fiber of length 1. at the wavelenglth Alo
. (dimension Issand 1'()l,1., iW) . dimrnsion. cs; flunor cmi sion factor (iven by:
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Lutz, S. S.; Franks, L. A.; Flournoy, J. M. & Lyons, P. B. New liquid scintillators for fiber-optic applications, article, January 1, 1981; Goleta, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1058064/m1/4/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.