Methane and Other Air Pollution Issues in Natural Gas Systems Page: 4 of 28
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Methane and Other Air Pollution Issues in Natural Gas Systems
Contents
Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1
N natural G as System s and A ir Pollution ........................................................................................ 2
The Industry .............................................................................................................................. 2
The Resource ............................................................................................................................. 3
Types of Emissions ................................................................................................................... 3
Sources of Em issions ......................................................................................................... 4
Pollutants................................................................................................................................... 5
The Federal Role ............................................................................................................................. 7
EPA and the Clean A ir A ct ................................................................................................... 7
N national A m bient A ir Quality Standards ........................................................................ 8
N ew Source Perform ance Standards............................................................................... 8
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants .......................................... 10
Air Permits........................................................................................................................ 10
Greenhouse Gas Reporting ................................................................................................11
BLM W aste Prevention Standards ...........................................................................................11
PH M SA Pipeline Safety Standards ...................................................................................... 12
Issues for Congress........................................................................................................................ 13
The Regulatory Role of Federal, State, and Local Governments......................................... 13
M easurem ent of Em issions ................................................................................................. 14
Covered Sources and Pollutants........................................................................................ . 16
M ajor Source A ggregation ................................................................................................... 17
Impacts of Emissions .............................................................................................................. 18
Cost-Benefit A nalysis of Federal Standards......................................................................... 20
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................... 22
Figures
Figure 1. EPA's GHG Inventories of Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Systems,
2007-2017................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2. EPA's Inventory of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Petroleum and
Related Industries, 2014............................................................................................................. 16
Contacts
A author Contact Inform ation ..................................................................................................... 24Congressional Research Service
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Lattanzio, Richard K. Methane and Other Air Pollution Issues in Natural Gas Systems, report, July 27, 2017; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1020768/m1/4/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.