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Guidance Documents for Lifecycle Management of ETDs

In 2011, a research team led by the University of North Texas, the Educopia Institute/MetaArchive Cooperative, and the worldwide Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), began studying the production, dissemination, and preservation of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). The original intent was to develop and disseminate documentation for academic libraries that would help curators better understand and address the preservation challenges presented by these new dig… more

Date: March 19, 2014

Creator: Alemneh, Daniel Gelaw; Donovan, Bill; Halbert, Martin; Han, Yan; Henry, Geneva; Hswe, Patricia et al.

Item Type: Book

Partner: UNT Libraries

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Intellectual Property: Strategy for Targeting Organized Piracy (STOP) Requires Changes for Long-Term Success

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. government efforts to protect and enforce intellectual property (IP) rights are crucial to preventing billions of dollars in losses and mitigating health and safety risks from trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. These efforts are coordinated through the National Intellectual Property Law Enforcement Coordination Council (NIPLECC), created by Congress in 1999, and the Strategy for Targeting Orga… more

Date: November 8, 2006

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Agencies Progress in Implementing Recent Legislation, but Enhancements Could Improve Future Plans

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Intellectual property (IP) plays a significant role in the U.S. economy. Enforcing IP laws involves many U.S. agencies, making coordination essential. Under the Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (PRO-IP Act), Congress required the U.S. Attorney General, through the Department of Justice (DOJ), to devote additional resources and undertake other specific IP effo… more

Date: October 13, 2010

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Economic Arrangements Among Small Webcasters and Third Parties and Their Effect on Royalties

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The emergence of webcasting as a means of transmitting audio and video content over the Internet has led to concerns about copyright protection and the payment of royalties to those who own the recording copyrights. Arriving at an acceptable rate for calculating royalties has been particularly challenging. Under the Small Webcaster Settlement Act of 2002, small commercial webcasters reached an agreement with c… more

Date: June 1, 2004

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Key Processes for Managing Patent Automation Strategy Need Stengthening

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The volume and complexity of patent applications to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) have increased significantly in recent years, lengthening the time needed to process patents. Annual applications have grown from about 185,000 to over 350,000 in the last 10 years and are projected to exceed 450,000 by 2009. Coupled with this growth is a backlog of about 750,000 applications. USPTO has long… more

Date: June 17, 2005

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Assessing Factors That Affect Patent Infringement Litigation Could Help Improve Patent Quality

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "From 2000 to 2010, the number of patent infringement lawsuits in the federal courts fluctuated slightly, and from 2010 to 2011, the number of such lawsuits increased by about a third. Some stakeholders GAO interviewed said that the increase in 2011 was most likely influenced by the anticipation of changes in the 2011 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), which made several significant changes to the U.… more

Date: August 22, 2013

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Observations on Efforts to Quantify the Economic Effects of Counterfeit and Pirated Goods

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In October 2008, Congress passed the Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (PRO-IP Act), to improve the effectiveness of U.S. government efforts to protect intellectual property (IP) rights such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks. The act also directed GAO to provide information on the quantification of the impacts of counterfeit and pirated goods. GAO (1) exa… more

Date: April 12, 2010

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Insights Gained from Efforts to Quantify the Effects of Counterfeit and Pirated Goods in the U.S. Economy

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In April 2010, GAO reported that intellectual property (IP) is an important component of the U.S. economy and IP-related industries contribute a significant percentage to the U.S. gross domestic product. IP-related industries also pay significantly higher wages than other industries and contribute to a higher standard of living in the United States. Ensuring the protection of IP rights encourages the introduc… more

Date: July 9, 2013

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Federal Enforcement Has Generally Increased, but Assessing Performance Could Strengthen Law Enforcement Efforts

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Federal law enforcement actions against criminals who manufacture and distribute counterfeit and pirated goods are important to enforcing intellectual property (IP) rights and protecting Americans from unsafe or substandard products. GAO was asked to: (1) examine key federal agencies' roles, priorities, and resources devoted to IP-related enforcement; (2) evaluate agencies' IP-related enforcement statis… more

Date: March 11, 2008

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: U.S. Trade Policy Guidance on WTO Declaration on Access to Medicines May Need Clarification

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property (TRIPS) requires all 151 World Trade Organization (WTO) members to provide baseline protections, including 20-year patents for innovative pharmaceuticals. The Trade Act of 2002 granting Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) to the President outlined three negotiating objectives related to intellectual property (IP). The first two aim to strengthen IP ri… more

Date: September 28, 2007

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Better Data Analysis and Integration Could Help U.S. Customs and Border Protection Improve Border Enforcement Efforts

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. government efforts to protect and enforce intellectual property rights are crucial to preventing billions of dollars in economic losses and for mitigating health and safety risks from trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. The Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection (CBP) leads intellectual property (IP) enforcement activity at the U.S. border. GAO was asked to (1) examine … more

Date: April 26, 2007

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Leadership and Accountability Needed to Strengthen Federal Protection and Enforcement

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. government efforts to protect and enforce intellectual property (IP) rights domestically and overseas are crucial to preventing billions of dollars in losses to U.S. industry and IP rights owners. The illegal importation and distribution of IP-infringing goods also poses a threat to the health and safety of U.S. citizens. However, the challenges involved in IP protection are significant and require effec… more

Date: June 17, 2008

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Federal Agency Efforts in Transferring and Reporting New Technology

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The federal government is a primary sponsor of research conducted in the United States, expending during fiscal year 2001 $19.4 billion for research performed by federal employees and $62.2 billion for research conducted under contracts and grants. Some of this research leads to the development of technology that can be patented, licensed, and made available to the public through the introduction of new produc… more

Date: October 31, 2002

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Industry and Agency Concerns Over Intellectual Property Rights

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Improperly defined intellectual property rights in a government contract can result in the loss of an entity's critical assets or limit the development of applications critical to public health or safety. Conversely, successful contracts can spur economic development, innovation, and growth, and dramatically improve the quality of delivered goods and services. Contracting for intellectual property rights is difficul… more

Date: May 10, 2002

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Information on the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office's Past and Future Operations

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has a staff of 6,426 and collected $1.1 billion in patent and trademark fees in fiscal year 2001. As the U.S. economy depends increasingly on new innovations, the need to patent or trademark quickly the intellectual property resulting from such innovations becomes more important. Expressing concerns about USPTO's plans for the future, Congress directed USPTO to deve… more

Date: August 23, 2002

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: State Immunity in Infringement Actions

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Intellectual property--which includes federally granted patents, trademarks, and copyrights--is often owned or used by state governmental entities, such as public institutions of higher education. Until recently, state entities that made unauthorized use of, or "infringed," the intellectual property of others were subject to lawsuits in federal court. In 1999, however, the U.S. Supreme Court held that states w… more

Date: September 25, 2001

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Deposits of Biological Materials in Support of Certain Patent Applications

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Under U.S. patent law, a patent must describe the subject invention in enough detail for someone skilled in that field to use or make it. In cases involving biological materials, the inventor may have to submit a sample. Some members of the biotechnology industry believe that biological deposits make patent infringement easier, reasoning that a person or organization can obtain a sample of the deposit and then… more

Date: October 16, 2000

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: U.S. Efforts have Contributed to Strengthened Laws Overseas, but Significant Enforcement Challenges Remain

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Although the U.S. government provides broad protection for intellectual property domestically, intellectual property protection in parts of the world is inadequate. As a result, U.S. goods are subject to piracy and counterfeiting in many countries. A number of U.S. agencies are engaged in efforts to improve protection of U.S. intellectual property abroad. This testimony, based on a prior GAO report as well as… more

Date: June 14, 2005

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Improvements Needed to Better Manage Patent Office Automation and Address Workforce Challenges

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is responsible for issuing patents that protect new ideas and investments in innovation and creativity. However, the volume and complexity of patent applications to the agency have increased significantly in recent years, lengthening the time needed to process patents and raising concerns about the validity of the patents that are issued. Annual applicatio… more

Date: September 8, 2005

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: National Enforcement Strategy Needs Stronger Leadership and More Accountability

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. government efforts to protect and enforce intellectual property (IP) rights domestically and overseas are crucial to preventing billions of dollars in losses to U.S. industry and IP rights owners and to avoiding health and safety risks resulting from the trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. IP protection and enforcement cut across a wide range of U.S. agencies and a coordinating structure has evolved … more

Date: April 12, 2007

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: U.S. Efforts Have Contributed to Strengthened Laws Overseas, but Challenges Remain

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Although the U.S. government provides broad protection for intellectual property, intellectual property protection in parts of the world is inadequate. As a result, U.S. goods are subject to piracy and counterfeiting in many countries. A number of U.S. agencies are engaged in efforts to improve protection of U.S. intellectual property abroad. This testimony, based on a recent GAO report, describes U.S agencie… more

Date: September 23, 2004

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Risk and Enforcement Challenges

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Intellectual property plays a significant role in the U.S. economy, and the United States is an acknowledged leader in its creation. Industries that relied on IP protection were estimated to account for over half of all U.S. exports and employed about 18 million Americans in 2006. However, legal protection of IP varies greatly around the world, and several countries are havens for the production of counterfei… more

Date: October 18, 2007

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Enhancements to Coordinating U.S. Enforcement Efforts

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Intellectual property (IP) is an important component of the U.S. economy. U.S. government efforts to protect and enforce IP rights domestically and overseas are crucial to safeguarding innovation and preventing significant losses to U.S. industry and IP rights owners as well as addressing health and safety risks resulting from the trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. The Prioritizing Resources and Organiza… more

Date: December 9, 2009

Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Intellectual Property: Information on the Federal Framework and DOD's Other Transaction Authority

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The research and development environment has changed dramatically during lst several decades. The government is no longer in the driver's seat, but it still needs access to research and technology advances. At the same time, its effort to compete for access must be balanced against a range of commercial, economic, legal, and other interests. The vehicles discussed in this testimony (the Bayh-Dole Act and Department … more

Date: July 17, 2001

Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department