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Energy from biological processes

Description: This assessment responds to a request by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for an evaluation of the energy potential of various sources of plant and animal matter (biomass). This report complements an earlier OTA report on the Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs in evaluating the major solar energy resources available to the United States. The findings also will serve as part of the material to be used in an upcoming OTA assessment of synthetic fu… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 2. Mid-American Solar Energy Complex Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction. Volume 1

Description: The results are presented of an exhaustive literature search and evaluation concerning the properties and economics of commercially available nonmetallic well casing and screens. These materials were studied in terms of their use in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction.
Date: December 1, 1979
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 1. Northeast Solar Energy Center Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Raman microprobe investigation of molecular structure and organization in the native state of woody tissue

Description: Although the primary emphasis of our program has remained with the application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of native tissue, the scope of the work has been expanded to include a number of complementary approaches. These have included Solid State 13C NMR, autoradiography of radiolabeled woody tissue sections, and the generation of biomimetic tertiary aggregates which simulate states of aggregation characteristic of cell walls. Our Raman spectroscopic studies have resulted in progress in t… more
Date: August 1, 1989
Creator: Atalla, R.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 4. Western Solar Utilization Network Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fire protection countermeasures for containment ventilation systems

Description: The goal of this project is to find countermeasures to protect High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, in exit ventilation ducts, from the heat and smoke generated by fire. Initially, methods were developed to cool fire-heated air by fine water spray upstream of the filters. It was recognized that smoke aerosol exposure to HEPA filters could also cause disruption of the containment system. Through testing and analysis, several methods to partially mitigate the smoke exposure to the HEPA… more
Date: August 25, 1980
Creator: Alvares, N.; Beason, D.; Bergman, V.; Creighton, J.; Ford, H. & Lipska, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled air incineration of hazardous chemical waste at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. [Polychlorinated biphenyl, pentachlorophenol]

Description: An incineration system, originally demonstrated as a transuranic (TRU) waste volume-reduction process, is described. The production-scale controlled air incinerator using commercially available equipment and technology was modified for solid radioactive waste service. The same incinerator and offgas treatment system has been modified further for use in evaluating the destruction of hazardous liquid wastes such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hazardous solid wastes such as pentachlorophe… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Stretz, L. A.; Borduin, L. C.; Draper, W. E.; Koenig, R. A. & Vavruska, J. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Role of temperate zone forests in the world carbon cycle: problem definition and research needs

Description: The proceedings of a workshop on carbon uptake and losses from temperate zone forests are presented. The goals of the workshop were to analyze existing data on growth and utilization of the temperate zone forest carbon pool and to identify further research needs in relation to the role of temperate forests in the global carbon cycle. Total standing stock and growth recovery transients were examined for most of the temperate region over a period from pre-settlement times to the present, with emp… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Armentano, T.V. & Hett, J. (eds.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Vaporization, dispersion, and radiant fluxes from LPG spills. Final technical report

Description: Both burning and non-burning spills of LPG (primarily propane) were studied. Vaporization rates for propane spills on soil, concrete, insulating concrete, asphalt, sod, wood, and polymer foams were measured. Thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficients, and steady state vaporization rates were determined. Vapor concentrations were measured downwind of open propane pools and a Gaussian dispersion model modified for area sources provided a good correlation of measured concentrations. Emitted … more
Date: May 1, 1982
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Methane or methanol via catalytic gasification of biomass

Description: Methane and methanol synthesis gas can be produced by steam gasification of biomass in the presence of appropriate catalysts. A 5 cm diameter reactor has been used to determine the desired catalysts and operating temperature. A process development unit (PDU) has demonstrated steam gasification of biomass with catalysts at rates up to 35 kg per hour. Methane yields of 0.28 nm/sup 3/ per kg of dry wood were produced in the small laboratory reactor. Further methanation of the product gas mixture c… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Mitchell, D. H.; Mudge, L. K.; Robertus, R. J.; Weber, S. L. & Sealock, L. J. Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pilot plant studies of the bioconversion of cellulose and production of ethanol

Description: Progress is reported in the following studies on analysis and evaluation of potential raw materials: preliminary pretreatment studies using wheat straw; extraction of wheat straw with alcohol and water at elevated temperatures; extraction of ground wood with alcohol and water at elevated temperatures; and, delignification of newsprint with ethylene glycol. Other research in progress includes studies on: utilization of hemicellulose sugars; process design and economics of hydrolysis processes an… more
Date: June 30, 1977
Creator: Wilke, C.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical analysis of heat transfer by conduction and natural convection in loose-fill fiberglass insulation--effects of convection on thermal performance

Description: A two-dimensional code for solving equations of convective heat transfer in porous media is used to analyze heat transfer by conduction and convection in the attic insulation configuration. The particular cases treated correspond to loose-fill fiberglass insulation, which is characterized by high porosity and air permeability. The effects of natural convection on the thermal performance of the insulation are analyzed for various densities, permeabilities, and thicknesses of insulation. With con… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Delmas, A. A. & Wilkes, K. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Economic effects of hypothetical reductions in tree growth in the Northeastern and Southeastern United States

Description: Objectives of this research were to review and critically evaluate economic methods and models for assessing the economic impacts of acid deposition-induced changes in forest productivity; to scope and assess the sensitivity of the potential economic impacts of changes in forest productivity; and to provide information and recommendations that will enhance Federal efforts to assess the economic impacts of acid deposition and to determine the benefits of alternative acid deposition mitigation an… more
Date: August 1, 1986
Creator: Callaway, J.M.; Darwin, R.F. & Nesse, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of processes for producing gasoline from wood. Final report

Description: Three processes for producing gasoline from wood by pyrolysis have been investigated. Technical and economic comparisons among the processes have been made, based on a hypothetical common plant size of 2000 tons per day green wood chip feedstock. In order to consider the entire fuel production process, the energy and cost inputs for producing and delivering the feedstock were included in the analysis. In addition, perspective has been provided by comparisons of the wood-to-gasoline technologies… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Micro-level land use impacts of bioconversion

Description: The energy crisis has prompted research and development of renewable energy sources, among which are the bioconversion technologies. Crops, crop residues, manure and other organic wastes are potential sources of liquid, solid and gaseous fuels. These feedstocks originate on the farm or in the forest and therefore are land intensive. Implementation of the bioconversion technologies will involve actions which will impact existing land use patterns. Because of differences in crop type, yield per a… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Parsons, V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemistry and stoichiometry of wood liquefaction

Description: The approximate stoichiometry of liquefaction, from data of two PDU runs and a laboratory run is Wood (100 g) + CO (0.1 - 0.4 Mol) ..-->.. CO/sub 2/ (0.5 - 1.0 Mol) + H/sub 2/O (0.4 - 0.8 Mol) + Product (55 - 64 g). Product includes wood oil, water soluble organics and residues. Water is formed by decomposition, carbon dioxide by decomposition and reduction of wood oxygen by CO. Aqueous products include many carboxylic acids plus a roughly equal percentage of non-acids. The wood oil is divided … more
Date: June 1, 1981
Creator: Davis, H. G.; Kloden, D. J. & Schaleger, L. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

F.C.D.A. Family Shelter Evaluation

Description: In order to determine the effects of atomic explosions on small civil defense shelters for family use, 29 simple structures were built along an arc 1200 ft from the target point and exposed to Buster Bursts B, C, and D. The structures were of four basic types; covered-trench, metal-arch, wood-arch, and basement lean-to. Because of poor cohesive properties of the soil, much of the earth cover on the shelters was removed by the first shot. Since test procedures prevented restoration of structures… more
Date: March 1, 1952
Creator: Flynn, A. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit

Description: An atmospheric flash pyrolysis process, the Georgia Tech Entrained Flow Pyrolysis Process, for the production of liquid biofuels from oak hardwood is described. The development of the process began with bench-scale studies and a conceptual design in the 1978--1981 timeframe. Its development and successful demonstration through research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit (PDU), in the period of 1982--1989, is presented. Oil yields (dry basis) up to 60% were… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Kovac, R. J.; Gorton, C. W.; Knight, J. A.; Newman, C. J. & O'Neil, D. J. (Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States). Research Inst.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological production of liquid fuels from biomass

Description: A scheme for the production of liquid fuels from renewable resources such as poplar wood and lignocellulosic wastes from a refuse hydropulper was investigated. The particular scheme being studied involves the conversion of a cellulosic residue, resulting from a solvent delignified lignocellulosic feed, into either high concentration sugar syrups or into ethyl and/or butyl alcohol. The construction of a pilot apparatus for solvent delignifying 150 g samples of lignocellulosic feeds was completed… more
Date: unknown
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Oxygen/steam gasification of wood

Description: Yields from fixed-bed gasification of stoker fuel, pressed planar shavings, are presented for air/steam operation and oxygen/steam operation at four different compositions. The wood carbon distributes between gas products and liquid products in the respective ranges of 75 to 80 wt% and 20 to 25 wt%. The cold gas efficiencies, defined as the combustible energy in the gas divided by the heat of combustion of the wood, were 60% for operation with an air-to-steam weight ratio of 10, 52%, 61%, 59%, … more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Mudge, L.K.; Ham, D.G.; Weber, S.L. & Mitchell, D.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pyrolysis mechanisms. Quarterly report, April-June 1981

Description: The data acquisition system for fast pyrolysis studies is summarized and discussed, based on preliminary applications to fast scans and peak switching of the quadrupole mass spectrometer. The free-jet expansion phenomena of internal-state cooling and clustering are discussed in terms of their relevance to pyrolysis product sampling interpretation. Primary pyrolysis spectra are shown for cotton, wood, and steam-exploded extracted lignin. Both pulsed and steady-state pyrolysis were used to observ… more
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Milne, T.A. & Soltys, M.N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low-cost flywheel demonstration program. Final report

Description: The Applied Physics Laboratory/Department of Energy Low Cost Flywheel Demonstration Program was initiated on 1 October 1977 and was successfully concluded on 31 December 19'9. The total cost of this program was $355,190. All primary objectives were successfully achieved as follows: demonstration of a full-size, 1)kWh flywheel having an estimated cost in large-volume production of approximately $50/kWh; developmeNt of a ball-bearing system having losses comparable to the losses in a totally magn… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 3. Southern Solar Energy Center Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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