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Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Low LET radiation

Description: This report describes dose-response models intended to be used in estimating the radiological health effects of nuclear power plant accidents. Models of early and continuing effects, cancers and thyroid nodules, and genetic effects are provided. Weibull dose-response functions are recommended for evaluating the risks of early and continuing health effects. Three potentially lethal early effects -- the hematopoietic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal syndromes -- are considered. In addition, model… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Evans, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of the health effects of bicycling in an urban atmosphere. Final report

Description: This report analyzes data on the health effects of bicycling in an urban environment through intensive study of ten healthy male subjects bicycling or driving in systematically varied conditions in the streets of Washington, D.C. Evaluation criteria for available technology and instrumentation are included and a methodology is developed for route selection. Specific air pollutants (carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfates, nitrates, and particulates) are measured concurrently with exposure and subseque… more
Date: October 14, 1977
Creator: Waldman, M.; Weiss, S. & Articola, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Incentives and the siting of radioactive waste facilities

Description: The importance of social and institutional issues in the siting of nuclear waste facilities has been recognized in recent years. Limited evidence from a survey of rural Wisconsin residents in 1980 indicates that incentives may help achieve the twin goals of increasing local support and decreasing local opposition to hosting nuclear waste facilities. Incentives are classified according to functional categories (i.e., mitigation, compensation, and reward) and the conditions which may be prerequis… more
Date: August 1, 1982
Creator: Carnes, S. A.; Copenhaver, E. D.; Reed, J. H.; Soderstrom, E. J.; Sorensen, J. H.; Peelle, E. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of federal microwave standards

Description: Present and future federal regulatory processes which may impact the permissible levels of microwave radiation emitted by the SPS Microwave Power Transmission (MPTS) were studied. An historical development of US occupational and public microwave standards includes an overview of Western and East European philosophies of environmental protection and neurophysiology which have led to the current widely differing maximum permissible exposure limits to microwaves. The possible convergence of microw… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: David, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ranking energy-conservation measures to establish research priorities: synopsis of a workshop

Description: A workshop was convened to assist DOE's Technology Assessment Division in evaluating the need to prepare additional environmental- and social-impact assessments of different energy-conservation measures. Attendees participated in a decision-making exercise designed to rank 19 different energy-conservation measures according to their overall potential for achieving important national goals and their ease of implementation. The participants felt that the most-important ranking criteria dealt with… more
Date: May 2, 1979
Creator: Moskowitz, P.D.; Le, T.Q. & Pierce, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Political side of risk: a new approach

Description: The resolution of many of the Nation's most-serious problems today is hampered by our apparent inability to systematically deal with the socio-political dimensions of the societal acceptance of risks in areas of technical development, decision making, and policy formulation. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the energy field. The nature of public hazards has changed drastically during the past half century or so, driving public considerations of risk into the political realm. This has given… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Sorenson, J.B. & Trauth, C.A. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies

Description: Six facilities, representing the scope of different co-firing techniques with their associated RDF production systems were reviewed in detail for combustion equipment, firing modes, emission control systems, residue handling/disposal, and effluent wastewater treatment. These facilities encompass all currently operational or soon to be operational co-firing plants and associated RDF production systems. Occupational health and safety risks for these plants were evaluated on the basis of fatal and… more
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: O'Toole, J. J.; Wessels, T. E.; Lynch, J. F.; Fassel, V. A.; Lembke, L. L.; Kniseley, R. N. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Prioritization of Environment, Safety, and Health Activities

Description: Federal facilities, including the national laboratories, must bring existing operations into compliance with environment, safety, and health (ES H) regulations while restoring sites of past operations to conform with today's more rigorous standards. The need for ES H resources is increasing while overall budgets are decreasing, and the resulting staffing and financial constraints often make it impossible to carry out all necessary activities simultaneously. This stimulated interest in formal me… more
Date: September 1, 1991
Creator: Otway, H.; Puckett, J.M. & von Winterfeldt, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Comprehensive work plan and health and safety plan for the 7500 Area Contamination Site sampling at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Description: As part of the Environmental Restoration Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, this plan has been developed for the environmental sampling efforts at the 7500 Area Contamination Site, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This plan was developed by the Measurement Applications and Development Group (MAD) of the Health and Safety Research Division of ORNL and will be implemented by ORNL/MAD. Major compon… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Burman, S. N.; Landguth, D. C.; Uziel, M. S.; Hatmaker, T. L. & Tiner, P. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Management of social and economic impacts associated with the construction of large-scale projects: experiences from the Western coal development communities

Description: The construction and operation of large-scale energy or resource development projects are accompanied by environmental, social, and economic changes or impacts. Impact assessment is the key tool used to determine which impact areas will most severely affect the community and will thus need to be managed. Impact management, only recently recognized as part of the assessment process, includes public and private actions to ameliorate impacts. The use of available impact management strategies can a… more
Date: June 1, 1977
Creator: Greene, M.R. & Curry, M.G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

When is a dose not a dose

Description: Although an enormous amount of progress has been made in the fields of radiation protection and risk assessment, a number of significant problems remain. The one problem which transcends all the rest, and which has been subject to considerable misunderstanding, involves what has come to be known as the 'linear non-threshold hypothesis', or 'linear hypothesis'. Particularly troublesome has been the interpretation that any amount of radiation can cause an increase in the excess incidence of cance… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Bond, V.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Safety assessment document for the Dynamic Test Complex B854

Description: A safety assessment was performed to determine if potential accidents at the 854 Complex at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. These were earthquake, extreme wind (including missiles), lightning, flood, criticality, high explosive (HE) detonation that disperses uranium and beryllium, spon… more
Date: December 11, 1981
Creator: Odell, B.N. & Pfeifer, H.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health effects of fossil-fuel combustion products: needed research

Description: An examination is made of the research needed to expand and clarify the understanding of the products of fossil-fuel combustion, chiefly that taking place in stationary sources of power. One of the specific objectives that guided the study on which this report is based was to identify the pollutants potentially hazardous to man that are released into the environment in the course of the combustion of fossil fuels. The hazards of principal concern are those which could cause deleterious, long-te… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Results of the radiological survey at Kennedy Park, Money and Sidney Streets, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ062)

Description: Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards.… more
Date: July 1, 1989
Creator: Foley, R.D.; Cottrell, W.D. & Floyd, L.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of carbon monoxide in blood samples from the second health and nutrition survey. Progress report No. 1

Description: This is a study of carbon monoxide (CO) in the blood of human subjects participating in the Second National Health and Nutrition Survey (HANES II), a detailed study of health indicators in sample populations of many communities throughout the U.S. The purpose of this aspect of the survey is to evaluate the levels of blood carboxyhemoglobin in normal individuals of all ages in typical U.S. communities, from whom accurate histories and clinical studies are available. This report gives results of … more
Date: 1976~
Creator: Radford, E. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health and safety. Preliminary comparative assessment of the satellite power system (SPS) and other energy alternatives

Description: Existing data on the health and safety risks of a satellite power system and four electrical generation systems are analyzed: a combined-cycle coal power system with a low-Btu gasifier and open-cycle gas turbine, a fission power system with fuel reprocessing, a central-station, terrestrial, solar-photovoltaic power system, and a first-generation design for a fusion power system. The systems are compared on the basis of expected deaths and person-days lost per year associated with 1000 MW of ave… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Habegger, L. J.; Gasper, J. R. & Brown, C. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Decision-making and radiological protection at Three Mile Island: response of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare

Description: Decision-making by decision-makers during the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island all had to do in some way, and impacted on the public health and safety, the health and safety of the workers, and emergency preparedness and health care. This paper reviews the activities of only one federal agency during the accident, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), and its effectiveness in its role as the leading institution responsible for protecting the public health during the first… more
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Fabrikant, Jacob I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Safety aspects of the US advanced LMR (liquid metal reactor) design

Description: The cornerstones of the United States Advanced Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor (ALMR) program sponsored by the Department of Energy are: the plant design program at General Electric based on the PRISM (Power Reactor Innovative Small Module) concept, and the Integral Fast Reactor program (IFR) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The goal of the US program is to produce a standard, commercial ALMR, including the associated fuel cycle. This paper discusses the US regulatory framework for design of a… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Pedersen, D.R.; Gyorey, G. L.; Marchaterre, J. F.; Rosen, S. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA); General Electric Co., San Jose, CA (USA); Argonne National Lab., IL (USA) et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Greater-confinement disposal of low-level radioactive wastes

Description: Low-level radioactive wastes include a broad spectrum of wastes that have different radionuclide concentrations, half-lives, and physical and chemical properties. Standard shallow-land burial practice can provide adequate protection of public health and safety for most low-level wastes, but a small volume fraction (about 1%) containing most of the activity inventory (approx.90%) requires specific measures known as ''greater-confinement disposal'' (GCD). Different site characteristics and differ… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Trevorrow, L. E.; Gilbert, T. L.; Luner, C.; Merry-Libby, P. A.; Meshkov, N. K. & Yu, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health and environmental effects document on geothermal energy: 1981

Description: Several of the important health and environmental risks associated with a reference geothermal industry that produces 21,000 MW/sub e/ for 30 y (equivalent to 20 x 10/sup 18/ J) are assessed. The analyses of health effects focus on the risks associated with exposure to hydrogen sulfide, particulate sulfate, benzene, mercury, and radon in air and arsenic in water. Results indicate that emissions of hydrogen sulfide are likely to cause odor-related problems in geothermal resources areas, assuming… more
Date: December 4, 1981
Creator: Layton, D. W.; Anspaugh, L. R. & O'Banion, K. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental surveillance for low-level waste disposal sites. [Shallow-land burial]

Description: All nuclear facilities, including waste disposal sites, are expected to evaluate their effect on the environment. This paper describes a multidisciplinary approach to the design of environmental surveillance programs for near-surface disposal sites. Surveillance is broadly considered to include burial trench and other on-site measurements as well as offsite monitoring, and to include both radiological and non-radiological measurements. The objectives of a surveillance program are: to determine … more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Sedlet, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Component fragility research program

Description: To demonstrate how high-level'' qualification test data can be used to estimate the ultimate seismic capacity of nuclear power plant equipment, we assessed in detail various electrical components tested by the Pacific Gas Electric Company for its Diablo Canyon plant. As part of our Phase I Component Fragility Research Program, we evaluated seismic fragility for five Diablo Canyon components: medium-voltage (4kV) switchgear; safeguard relay board; emergency light battery pack; potential transfor… more
Date: November 1, 1989
Creator: Tsai, N.C.; Mochizuki, G.L.; Holman, G.S. (NCT Engineering, Inc., Lafayette, CA (USA) & Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Comparison of observed and predicted normalized air concentrations for 56-m releases of fluorescein particles

Description: Centerline ground-level normalized air concentration measurements made at Hanford, Washington, for the short-term release of fluorescein particles from a height of 56 m were compared with a Gaussian plume atmospheric dispersion model using two different sets of dispersion parameters and two different methods of classifying atmospheric stability. The ratio of the predicted air concentration to the observed air concentration is strongly dependent on the downwind distance being considered. All fou… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Miller, C. W.; Little, C. A. & Cotter, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Safety assessment document for the dynamic test complex (Building 836)

Description: A safety assessment was performed to determine if potential accidents at the 836 Complex at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. These were earthquake, extreme wind (including missiles), lightning, flood, criticality, high explosive (H) detonation that disperses uranium and beryllium, spont… more
Date: November 24, 1981
Creator: Odell, B.N. & Pfeifer, H.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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