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FOODCHAIN: a Monte Carlo model to estimate individual exposure to airborne pollutants via the foodchain pathway

Description: Ingestion of contaminated food due to the airborne release of radionuclides or chemical pollutants is a particularly difficult human exposure pathway to quantify. There are a number of important physical and biological processes such as atmospheric deposition and plant uptake to consider. These processes are approximate by techniques encoded in the computer program TEREX. Once estimates of pollutant concentrations are made, the problem can be reduced to computing exposure from ingestion of the … more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Dixon, E. & Holton, G.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Selection of terrestrial transfer factors for radioecological assessment models and regulatory guides

Description: A parameter value for a radioecological assessment model is not a single value but a distribution of values about a central value. The sources that contribute to the variability of transfer factors to predict foodchain transport of radionuclides are enumerated. Knowledge of these sources, judgement in interpreting the available data, consideration of collateral information, and established criteria that specify the desired level of conservatism in the resulting predictions are essential element… more
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Ng, Y.C. & Hoffman, F.O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Concentration of stable elements in food products

Description: Food samples were taken from commercial markets and analyzed for stable element content. The concentrations of most stable elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hf, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ta, Th, Ti, V, Zn, Zr) were determined using multiple-element neutron activation analysis, while the concentrations of other elements (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) were determined using atomic absorption. The relevance of the concentrations found are noted in relation to o… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Montford, M. A.; Shank, K. E.; Hendricks, C. & Oakes, T. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Relationships between walking and percentiles of adiposity inolder and younger men

Description: To assess the relationship of weekly walking distance to percentiles of adiposity in elders (age {ge} 75 years), seniors (55 {le} age <75 years), middle-age men (35 {le} age <55 years), and younger men (18 {le} age <35 years old). Cross-sectional analyses of baseline questionnaires from 7,082 male participants of the National Walkers Health Study. The walkers BMIs were inversely and significantly associated with walking distance (kg/m{sup 2} per km/wk) in elders (slope {+-} SE: -0.032 … more
Date: June 1, 2005
Creator: Williams, Paul T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Predictive Assay For Cancer Targets

Description: Early detection of cancer is a key element in successful treatment of the disease. Understanding the particular type of cancer involved, its origins and probable course, is also important. PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6 phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine), a heterocyclic amine produced during the cooking of meat at elevated temperatures, has been shown to induce mammary cancer in female, Sprague-Dawley rats. Tumors induced by PhIP have been shown to contain discreet cytogenetic signature patterns of gains… more
Date: September 19, 2005
Creator: Suess, A.; Nguyen, C.; Sorensen, K.; Montgomery, J.; Souza, B.; Kulp, K. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transfer factors for assessing the dose from radionuclides in agricultural products

Description: Transfer factors to predict the environmental transport of radionuclides through terrestrial foodchains to man were derived from the literature for radionuclides associated with the nuclear fuel cycle. We present updated transfer coefficients to predict the concentration of a radionuclide in cow's milk and other animal products and concentration factors (CF) to predict the concentration in a food or feed crop from that in soil. Where possible we note the variation of the transfer factor with ph… more
Date: June 13, 1979
Creator: Ng, Y.C.; Colsher, C.S. & Thompson, S.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

PRESTO low-level waste transport and risk assessment code

Description: PRESTO (Prediction of Radiation Effects from Shallow Trench Operations) is a computer code developed under US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funding to evaluate possible health effects from shallow land burial trenches. The model is intended to be generic and to assess radionuclide transport, ensuing exposure, and health impact to a static local population for a 1000-y period following the end of burial operations. Human exposure scenarios considered by the model include normal releases … more
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Little, C. A.; Fields, D. E.; McDowell-Boyer, L. M. & Emerson, C. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Estimates of process energy use in four key food products industries

Description: Process energy profiles were developed for a representative plant in each of four selected food processing industries. These were: wet corn milling, hog slaughtering and processing, potato dehydration, and soybean crushing. Estimates of total energy consumption per pound of raw product input to each process were derived from in-plant studies. These energy coefficients were found to be: 4100 Btu/lb corn milled; 3200 Btu/lb live hog processed; 1500 Btu/lb raw potatoes granulated; and 800 Btu/lb s… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Divine, T. E.; Alzheimer, D. P. & Smith, W. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Texas Panhandle soil-crop-beef food chain for uranium: a dynamic model validated by experimental data

Description: Long-term simulations of uranium transport in the soil-crop-beef food chain were performed using the BIOTRAN model. Experimental data means from an extensive Pantex beef cattle study are presented. Experimental data were used to validate the computer model. Measurements of uranium in air, soil, water, range grasses, feed, and cattle tissues are compared to simulated uranium output values in these matrices when the BIOTRAN model was set at the measured soil and air values. The simulations agreed… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Wenzel, W.J.; Wallwork-Barber, K.M.; Rodgers, J.C. & Gallegos, A.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The use of electron beams for pasteurization of meats

Description: Electron beam accelerators can be used for electronic pasteurization of meat products by: (1) using the electrons directly impacting the products, or (2) optimizing the conversion of electron energy to x-rays and treating the product with these x-rays. The choice of process depends on the configuration of the product when it is treated. For electron treatment, ten million electron volt (MeV) kinetic energy is the maximum allowed by international agreement. The depth of penetration of electrons … more
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Prestwich, K. R.; Kaye, R. J.; Turman, B. N. & Neau, E. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Food production and consumption near the Savannah River Site

Description: Routine operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) result in the release of radionuclides to the atmosphere and to the Savannah River. The resulting radiological doses to the off-site maximum individual and the 80-km population are estimated on a yearly basis. These estimates are generated using dose models prescribed in the NRC Reg. Guide 1.109 for the commercial nuclear power industry. A study of land and water usage characteristics in the region of the Savannah River Site has been conducted… more
Date: December 31, 1991
Creator: Hamby, D. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mutagenic activity and heterocyclic amine content of the human diet

Description: The mutagenic activity and the mass amount of heterocyclic amines responsible for the mutagenic activity have been measured in some cooked foods. Cooked meats are the predominant source of mutagenic activity in the diet with values ranging from 0 to 10,000 revertants per gram reported in the Ames/Salmonelia test with strain TA98. Several heterocyclic amines are present and have been quantified using solid-phase extraction followed by HPLC. Frying at higher temperatures and for longer times prod… more
Date: January 15, 1993
Creator: Knize, M. G.; Dolbeare, F. A.; Cunningham, P. L. & Felton, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Serum fractions associated with positive and false positive reactions in the ELA test for trichinellosis in swine. [Accuracy of packinghouse tests for Trichinella in pork]

Description: A considerable number of packinghouse swine sera give false positive results in the enzyme-labeled antibody (ELA) test for Trichinosis. Efforts to understand the nature of this problem directed toward isolation and identification of a serum factor responsible for the false positive reactions are discussed.
Date: January 1, 1976
Creator: Clinard, Elva H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Prospects for use of the ELA test in control of trichinellosis in swine

Description: A practicable system for examining food animals at the time of slaughter to detect the presence of humoral antibodies against diseases of significance to human or animal health would be a valuable adjunct to meat inspection. Trichinosis, which has the characteristics of many of the disease problems that are of interest to the Meat and Poultry Inspection Program, was selected as a model for this purpose. Preliminary work indicated that the enzyme-labeled antibody test (ELA) could be used for det… more
Date: January 1, 1976
Creator: Clinard, E. H.; Saunders, G. C. & Leighty, J. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Heterocyclic amine mutagenicity/carcinogenicity: Influence of repair, metabolism, and structure

Description: Cooking, heat processing, and pyrolysis of protein-rich foods induce the formation of structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines that have been found to be mutagenic in bacteria, mammalian cells in culture and mice. All these compounds are potent mutagens and most are active below 1 ng/plate, in Ames/Salmonella tester strain TA1538 in the presence of S9 liver microsomal preparations from rat, mouse, or hamster. They are also potent in strains TA98, TA97, moderately active in TA1537, weak… more
Date: January 15, 1993
Creator: Felton, J. S.; Wu, R.; Knize, M. G.; Thompson, L. H. & Hatch, F. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease - model intercomparison

Description: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly infectious vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus. It spreads by direct contact between animals, by animal products (milk, meat and semen), by mechanical transfer on people or fomites and by the airborne route - with the relative importance of each mechanism depending on the particular outbreak characteristics. Over the years a number of workers have developed or adapted atmospheric dispersion models to assess the ris… more
Date: September 4, 2008
Creator: Gloster, J; Jones, A; Redington, A; Burgin, L; Sorensen, J H; Turner, R et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CKow -- A More Transparent and Reliable Model for Chemical Transfer to Meat and Milk

Description: The objective of this study is to increase the understanding and transparency of chemical biotransfer modeling into meat and milk and explicitly confront the uncertainties in exposure assessments of chemicals that require such estimates. In cumulative exposure assessments that include food pathways, much of the overall uncertainty is attributable to the estimation of transfer into biota and through food webs. Currently, the most commonly used meat and milk-biotransfer models date back two decad… more
Date: March 1, 2009
Creator: Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; McKone, Thomas E. & Jolliet, Olivier
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effect of in-pile degradation of the meat thermal conductivity on the maximum temperature of the plate-type U-Mo dispersion fuels

Description: Effect of in-pile degradation of thermal conductivity on the maximum temperature of the plate-type research reactor fuels has been assessed using the steady-state heat conduction equation and assuming convection cooling. It was found that due to very low meat thickness, characteristic for this type of fuel, the effect of thermal conductivity degradation on the maximum fuel temperature is minor. For example, the fuel plate featuring 0.635 mm thick meat operating at heat flux of 600 W/cm2 would e… more
Date: November 1, 2009
Creator: Medvedev, Pavel G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Long-Term Reduction in 137Cs Concentration in Food Crops on Coral Atolls Resulting from Potassium Treatment

Description: Bikini Island was contaminated March 1, 1954 by the Bravo detonation (U.S nuclear test series, Castle) at Bikini Atoll. About 90% of the estimated dose from nuclear fallout to potential island residents is from cesium-137 ({sup 137}Cs) transferred from soil to plants that are consumed by residents. Thus, radioecology research efforts have been focused on removing {sup 137}Cs from soil and/or reducing its uptake into vegetation. Most effective was addition of potassium (K) to soil that reduces {… more
Date: April 14, 2004
Creator: Robison, W L; Stone, E L; Hamilton, T F & Conrado, C L
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Domestically Prepared Chicken and Fish from Singapore Chinese Households

Description: Chicken and fish samples prepared by 42 Singapore Chinese in their homes were obtained. Researchers were present to collect data on raw meat weight, cooking time, maximum cooking surface temperature, and cooked meat weight. Each participant prepared one pan-fried fish sample and two pan-fried chicken samples, one marinated, one not marinated. The cooked samples were analyzed for five heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) mutagens, including MeIQx (2-amino 3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline); 4,8… more
Date: May 16, 2005
Creator: Salmon, C. P.; Knize, M. G.; Felton, J. S.; Zhao, B. & Seow, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

HTGR Technology Family Assessment for a Range of Fuel Cycle Missions

Description: This report examines how the HTGR technology family can provide options for the once through, modified open cycle (MOC), or full recycle fuel cycle strategies. The HTGR can serve all the fuel cycle missions that an LWR can; both are thermal reactors. Additional analyses are warranted to determine if HTGR “full recycle” service could provide improved consumption of transuranic (TRU) material than LWRs (as expected), to analyze the unique proliferation resistance issues associated with the “pebbl… more
Date: November 1, 2010
Creator: Piet, Steven J.; Bays, Samuel E. & Soelberg, Nick R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mobile Melt-Dilute Treatment for Russian Spent Nuclear Fuel

Description: Treatment of spent Russian fuel using a Melt-Dilute (MD) process is proposed to consolidate fuel assemblies into a form that is proliferation resistant and provides critically safety under storage and disposal configurations. Russian fuel elements contain a variety of fuel meat and cladding materials. The Melt-Dilute treatment process was initially developed for aluminum-based fuels so additional development is needed for several cladding and fuel meat combinations in the Russian fuel inventory… more
Date: September 17, 2002
Creator: Peacock, H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Regulated Emissions from Biodiesel Tested in Heavy-Duty Engines Meeting 2004 Emission Standards

Description: Biodiesel produced from soybean oil, canola oil, yellow grease, and beef tallow was tested in two heavy-duty engines. The biodiesels were tested neat and as 20% by volume blends with a 15 ppm sulfur petroleum-derived diesel fuel. The test engines were the following: 2002 Cummins ISB and 2003 DDC Series 60. Both engines met the 2004 U.S. emission standard of 2.5 g/bhp-h NO{sub x}+HC (3.35 g/kW-h) and utilized exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). All emission tests employed the heavy-duty transient p… more
Date: November 1, 2005
Creator: McCormick, R. L.; Tennant, C. J.; Hayes, R. R.; Black, S.; Ireland, J.; McDaniel, T. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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