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Adsorption characteristics of PCBs to resins, whole cells, cell and tissue components, and biomolecules

Description: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been designated hazardous chemicals by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although PCBs and PCB-containing oils have not been in use since 1977, they persist in the environment. They are known to be absorbed by various aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals. The nature of these affinities is not known. In this study, the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) compared the adsorption phenomenon of PCBs on commercial resins, whole bacterial cells, cell a… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Kelley, R. L.; Conrad, J. & Akin, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced two-stage incineration: Research and development

Description: IGT is currently developing a two-stage fluidized-bed/cyclonic agglomerating incineration system that is based on combining the fluidized-bed agglomeration/incineration and cyclonic combustion technologies, both of which have been developed individually at IGT over many years. This combination has resulted in a unique and extremely flexible incinerator for solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. The system can operate over a wide range of conditions in the first stage, from low temperature (desorpti… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Rehmat, A. & Khinkis, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of Advanced Fluid-Bed Agglomeration and Cyclonic Incineration for Simultaneous Waste Disposal and Energy Recovery

Description: The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is currently developing a two-stage fluidized-bed/cyclonic agglomerating incineration system for waste disposal that is based on combining the fluidized-bed agglomeration/incineration and cyclonic combustion techologies. Both technologies have been developed individually at IGT over many years. This combination has resulted in a unique and extremely flexible incinerator for solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes including municipal sludges. The system can operat… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Rehmat, Amir & Khinkis, Mark
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The development of an ultra-low-emission gas-fired combustor for space heaters

Description: An ultra-low-emission as-fired combustor has been developed for relatively low-temperature direct-air heating applications. High-lean premixed cyclonic combustion with a flame stabilizer is employed to achieve ultra-low emissions and high turndown operation. On the basis of analytical studies and cold modeling a 350-kW test combustor was designed and successfully tested. Experimental results obtained using natural gas and ambient air demonstrated that the test combustor can operate steadily at … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Xiong, Tian-yu; Khinkis, Mark J. & Coppin, William P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Refueling stations for natural gas vehicles

Description: The unavailability of natural gas vehicle (NGV) refueling stations constitutes one of the major barriers to the wide spread utilization of natural gas in the transportation market. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the current technical and economic status of compressed natural gas vehicle refueling stations and to identify the components or design features that offer the greatest potential for performance improvements and/or cost reductions. Both fast-fill- and slow-fill-type… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Blazek, C. F.; Kinast, J. A.; Biederman, R. T. & Jasionowski, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sampling and analysis of natural gas trace constituents

Description: Major and minor components of natural gas are routinely analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), using a thermal conductivity (TC). The best results obtained by these methods can report no better than 0.01 mole percent of each measured component. Even the extended method of analysis by flame ionization detector (FID) can only improve on the detection limit of hydrocarbons. The gas industry needs better information on all trace constituents of natural gas, whether native or inadvertently added durin… more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Attari, A. & Chao, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Generalized assessment of heat-storage accumulators based on energy profiles

Description: The analytical and experimental work described in this paper has to do with the development of a new and practical method for designing and rating heat-storage systems operating on a heat-capacity duty cycle of several days. It was carried out as part of a broader project evaluating equipment for exploiting solar energy and heat produced by animals on animal farms. Water-type heat accumulators were found to be an essential component of these systems; however, no generalized or specialized crite… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Hemzal, K. & Wurm, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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MGP soil remediation in a slurry-phase system: A pilot-scale test

Description: An overall protocol for remediating manufactured gas plant (MGP) soils generally includes bench-scale evaluation of the technology, pilot-scale demonstration, and full-scale implementation. This paper summarizes the results of the bench-scale and pilot-scale study for treating an MGP soil with IGT`s integrated Chemical/Biological Treatment (CBT) or Manufactured Gas Plant Remediation (MGP-REM) process in the slurry-phase mode of application. MGP soils are contaminated primarily with polynuclear … more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Liu, Bill Y.; Srivastava, V. J.; Paterek, J. R.; Pradhan, S. P.; Pope, J. R.; Hayes, T. D. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gas-fired cooling status and trends

Description: The current US heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) market shows that the predictions of a health expansion in this market are attainable in this decade. The HVAC industry`s positive trade balance is widening; their successful hedge against various economic problems (the lack of financial and personnel resources) and their initiative to overcome the technical obstacles (caused by environmental issues) will have a positive, long-term impact. This along with energy availability and a… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Wurm, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An engineering and economic evaluation of the methane de-NOX{sup SM} technology

Description: The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and Ogden Martin Systems, Inc. (OMS) are conducting joint engineering and economic evaluation of IGT`s METHANE de-NOX{sup SM} technology for its application to new, as well as retrofit, municipal waste combustors (MWCs). It is anticipated that this new technology offers a technically and economically attractive alternative to existing selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) systems for new facilities, as well as in retrofit applications. Consequently, IGT a… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Abbasi, H. A.; Khinkis, M. J. & Scherrer, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Metal ion sorption by untreated and chemically treated biomass

Description: The metal-binding ability of biosorbents is well known; however, in comparison with commercial ion-exchange resins the capacity of biosorbents is low. The purpose of this research was to examine chemically modified biosorbents and biosorbents prepared from microorganisms isolated from extreme environments to determine if significant improvements in metal-binding capacity or biosorbents with unique capabilities could be produced. Chemical treatments examined included acid, alkali, carbon disulfi… more
Date: December 31, 1992
Creator: Kilbane, J. J. & Xie, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of the IGT RENUGAS{reg_sign} process

Description: The RENUGAS process was specifically developed for pressurized fluidized bed gasification of biomass to produce either an industrial fuel gas or a chemical synthesis gas depending on air- or oxygen-blown operation. The RENUGAS gasifier is a single stage fluidized bed reactor with a deep bed of inert solids that provide stable fluidization behavior and needed heat capacity for efficient transfer of energy released by the combustion to the endothermic devolatilization and gasification reactions. … more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Lau, F. S. & Carty, R. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Modeling the fast fill process in natural gas vehicle storage cylinders

Description: The on-board storage capacity of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) is a critical issue to the wide spread marketing of these alternate fueled vehicles. Underfilling of NGV cylinders, during fast fill (< 5 min.) charging operations, can occur at fueling stations, at ambient temperatures greater than 50{degrees}F or 60{degrees}F. The resulting reduced driving range of the vehicle is a serious obstacle which the gas industry is striving to overcome, without resorting to unnecessarily high fueling statio… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Kountz, K. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Compressed natural gas measurement issues

Description: The Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition`s Measurement and Metering Task Group (MMTG) was established on July 1st, 1992 to develop suggested revisions to National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Handbook 44-1992 (Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices) and NIST Handbook 130-1991 (Uniform Laws & Regulations). Specifically, the suggested revisions will address the sale and measurement of compressed natural gas when sold as a motor vehic… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Blazek, C. F.; Kinast, J. A. & Freeman, P. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fuel composition effects on natural gas vehicle emissions

Description: Under a contract from DOE`s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and support from Brooklyn Union Gas Company (BUG), Northern Illinois Gas Co., the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) evaluated four state-of-the-art, electronic, closed-loop natural gas vehicle (NGV) conversion systems. The systems included an Impco electronic closed-loop system, Mogas electronic closed-loop system, Stewart and Stevenson`s GFI system, and an Automotive Natural Gas Inc. (ANGI) Level 1 electronic closed-loop c… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Blazek, C. F.; Grimes, J.; Freeman, P.; Bailey, B. K. & Colucci, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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3000 vs. 3600 psig NGV on-board storage pressure evaluation

Description: The objective of this evaluation is to perform a comprehensive analysis of two on-board storage pressures or natural gas vehicles. The choice of operating pressure is a fairly complicated one, with implications for a variety of refueling station and vehicle cost issues. Furthermore, the benefit of higher storage pressure operation (increased vehicle driving distance) has been poorly understood, both in precision as well as in value. This study will attempt to combine the relevant factors to aid… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Biederman, R.; Blazek, C.; Freeman, P. & Gauthier, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Current status of the IGT RENUGAS{reg_sign} process

Description: The RENUGAS process was specifically developed for pressurized fluidized bed gasification of biomass to produce either an industrial fuel gas or a chemical synthesis gas depending on air- or oxygen-blown operation. The RENUGAS gasifier is a single state fluidized bed reactor with a deep bed of inert solids that provide stable fluidization behavior and needed heat capacity for efficient transfer of energy released by the combustion to the endothermic devolatilization and gasification reactions. … more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Lau, F. S. & Carty, R. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gas utilization technologies

Description: One of the constant challenges facing the research community is the identification of technology needs 5 to 15 years from now. A look back into history indicates that the forces driving natural gas research have changed from decade to decade. In the 1970s research was driven by concerns for adequate supply; in the 1980s research was aimed at creating new markets for natural gas. What then are the driving forces for the 1990s? Recent reports from the natural gas industry have helped define a new… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Biljetina, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Practical aspects of acoustic plastic pipe location

Description: Many gas distribution company operation and maintenance activities require precise knowledge of the location of buried plastic piping. Plastic pipe cannot be located if the tracer wire is gone or was never installed. Under sponsorship of the Southern California Gas Company, IGT successfully demonstrated an acoustic plastic pipe location technique and is developing the technique into a practical field instrument an acoustic signal is injected directly into the gas at a service. The acoustic sign… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Huebler, J. E.; Campbell, B. K. & Ching, G. K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The role of bioremediation in the treatment of gas industry wastes

Description: Bioremediation is a technology that integrates microbiology, ecology, chemistry, geology, and engineering in order to solve a major problem in today`s society, restoration of our environment This is not a collection of abstract disciplines, but a new and functional technology based on processes with a long, successful history, that is, biological waste treatment. Sewage and wastewater treatment, composting, and landfills are mature sources and starting points of this technology, but the complex… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Paterek, J. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Physical and thermal properties and leaching characteristics of a beneficiated eastern oil shale hydroretorted in the PFH process

Description: The preferred feedstocks for the Institute of Gas Technology`s (IGT) Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Hydroretorting (PFH) process are beneficiated Eastern US oil shales. After hydroretorting, the beneficiated shale is combusted to generate process and export power. Before hydroretorting and after combustion the shale will be stored in large embankments. The design and characteristics of these embankments depends on the physical, thermal, and leaching properties of the raw and spent shales. IGT and th… more
Date: December 31, 1992
Creator: Mensinger, M. C. & Budiman, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biodesulfurization of water-soluble coal-derived material by Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8

Description: Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8 was previously isolated because of its ability to use coal as its sole source of sulfur for growth. Subsequent growth studies have revealed that IGTS8 is capable of using a variety of organosulfur compounds as sources of sulfur but not carbon. In this paper, the ability of IGTS8 to selectively remove organic sulfur from water-soluble coal-derived material is investigated. The microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal requires microorganisms capable of cleaving … more
Date: December 31, 1991
Creator: Kilbane, John J., II & Jackowski, Kathy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Determination of Cohesive and Normal Stresses and Simulation of Fluidization Using Kinetic Theory

Description: The general objective of this study is focused on the solid stresses involved in gas-solid flow. These stresses are generally included in the momentum conservation equations, essentially for stability and to prevent particles from collapsing to unreasonably low values of gas volume fraction. The first half of this work undertakes the measurement of the stresses in various powders by direct means, while the second part uses a newly developed kinetic theory constitutive equation for stress to pre… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Bezbaruah, Rukmini
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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