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Resource capture by single leaves

Description: Leaves show a variety of strategies for maximizing CO{sub 2} and light capture. These are more meaningfully explained if they are considered in the context of maximizing capture relative to the utilization of water, nutrients and carbohydrates reserves. There is considerable variation between crops in their efficiency of CO{sub 2} and light capture at the leaf level. Understanding of these mechanisms indicate some ways in which efficiency of resource capture could be level cannot be meaningfull… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Long, S.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy from biological processes

Description: This assessment responds to a request by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for an evaluation of the energy potential of various sources of plant and animal matter (biomass). This report complements an earlier OTA report on the Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs in evaluating the major solar energy resources available to the United States. The findings also will serve as part of the material to be used in an upcoming OTA assessment of synthetic fu… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy and protein production from pulp mill wastes. Progress report, June 15, 1977--September 15, 1977

Description: Experiments conducted during this past quarter demonstrated the decided difference both in amount and composition of the gas produced from the fermentation of ozonated versus unozonated yeast-plant SSL. Gas from ozonated SSL averaged over 80% methane content while unozonated effluent was mostly carbon dioxide. Gas production rates and retention time studies indicated that the fermentation was substrate-limited. Preliminary tests using supplemental carbon sources have verified this. The success … more
Date: September 15, 1977
Creator: Jurgensen, M. F. & Patton, J. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol

Description: Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) tested the catalytic gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol synthesis gas. The process uses steam, indirect heat, and a catalyst to produce synthesis gas in one step in fluidized bed gasifier. Both laboratory and process development scale (nominal 1 ton/day) gasifiers were used to test two different catalyst systems: (1) supported nickel catalysts and (2) alkali carbonates doped on the bagasse. This paper presents the results of laboratory and … more
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Baker, E.G. & Brown, M.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Only source of energy

Description: Various plants that might play a role in the energy mix of the future are discussed and illustrated. Included among them are the Euphorbias and Guayule. (JGB)
Date: March 22, 1978
Creator: Calvin, G. J. & Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technical-economic assessment of the production of methanol from biomass. Executive summary. Final research report

Description: The results are presented of a comprehensive systems study which assessed the engineering and economic feasibilities of the production of methanol from biomass utilizing existing technology. The three major components of the biomass to methanol system assessed are the availability of biomass feedstocks, the thermochemical conversion of biomass to methanol fuels, and the distribution and markets for methanol fuels. The results of this study show that methanol fuel can be produced from biomass us… more
Date: July 12, 1979
Creator: Wan, E. I.; Simmons, J. A.; Price, J. D. & Nguyen, T. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Low-cost solar array project. Task I. Silicon material. Investigation of the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/

Description: Reaction kinetic measurements on the hydrochlorination of SiCl/sub 4/ and m.g. silicon metal were last reported as a function of reaction temperature, reactor pressure, H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ ratio and silicon metal particle size distribution, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si reversible 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The effect of impurities in the m.g. silicon metal on the rate of this reaction has been investigated in this quarter. The m.g. silicon was replaced with high purity, electronic grade silicon metal … more
Date: October 7, 1980
Creator: Mui, J. Y. P. & Seyferth, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Eucalyptus plantations for energy production in Hawaii. Technical status report, October 1, 1978-June 30, 1980

Description: Progress made on accomplishing research objectives is reported. The objectives of this project are: (1) to increase the biomass production of Eucalyptus; (2) to determine the optimum requirements to maximize yield; (3) to assess planting, cultivation, harvesting, and transportation equipment requirements; (4) to determine the optimum mixture of biomass (eucalyptus and bagasse) at the generator for the production of electricity; and (5) to evaluate a complete production/conversion system which u… more
Date: July 14, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Optimization of steam explosion pretreatment. Final report

Description: Different operating conditions are required to optimize the yield from each of the various fractions in the substrate. Xylose recovery is maximized at short cooking times whereas maximum lignin recovery requires much longer cooking times. Peak glucose yield and rumen digestibility occur at intermediate times. If process conditions are set for maximum glucose yield we have achieved a yield of 68% of the theoretical, based on an average of a dozen substrates tested. Individual results ranged from… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Foody, P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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(Technical and engineering support for the Office of Industrial Programs)

Description: As of April 19, 1991, technical, operational and analytic support and assistance to the offices and divisions of the Office of Renewable Energy, under contract DE-AC01-86CE30844 was completed. The overall work effort, initiated February 20, 1986, was characterized by timely, comprehensive, high quality, professional responsiveness to a broad range of renewable energy program operational support requirements. These are no instances of failure to respond, nor unacceptable response, during the fiv… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tapered fluidized-bed bioreactor: an improved device for continuous cultivation

Description: The bioreactor concept utilizing a tapered fluidized bed has shown considerable promise for use in bioprocesses where the biological agents can be immobilized on a fluidizable solid phase, but the operating characteristics of such a reactor are not yet fully understood. A simple mathematical model (steady state, plug flow conditions) has been developed and tested with experimental data, and calculated values compare favorably with experimental values. A more complete and presumably more valid m… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Pitt, Jr., W. W.; Hancher, C. W.; Scott, C. D. & Hsu, H. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Anaerobic fermentation of simulated in-situ oil shale retort water

Description: The feasibility of removing soluble organics from oil shale retort water by anaerobic digestion with methane production was experimentally investigated. The following conclusions were made. The retort water studied had to be pretreated to remove toxic and add deficient constituents before it could be successfully treated with the anaerobic fermentation process. Pretreatment included pH adjustment to 7, ammonia reduction, and nutrient addition. A digested sludge from a conventional municipal sew… more
Date: November 1, 1977
Creator: Ossio, E. A.; Fox, J. P.; Thomas, J. F. & Poulson, R. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Crop residues as a fuel for power generation

Description: Crop residues could serve as an alternative energy source for producing electric power and heat in agricultural regions of the United States. Nearly 2 quads of residues are estimated to be available as a sustainable annual yield. These can substitute for up to one quad of conventional fuels used to generate electricity and up to an additional quad of petroleum and natural gas currently used for producing heat. The most promising routes to residue conversion appear to be regional generators size… more
Date: July 1, 1979
Creator: Bhagat, N.; Davitian, H. & Pouder, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary economic evaluation of a process for the production of fuel grade ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of an agricultural waste

Description: This study concerns the preliminary economic feasibility of a process for converting agricultural waste (wheat straw) to fuel grade ethanol through enzymatic hydrolysis. A preliminary design for the process was developed on the basis of research concepts described in the literature. The base case design is for a 25 million gal/yr plant for 95 vol % ethanol from wheat straw. The preliminary design included material and energy balances and major equipment specifications and sizing, which in turn … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Degradation of cellulosic biomass and its subsequent utilization for the production of chemical feedstocks. Progress report, March 1, 1977--May 31, 1977

Description: The degradation of cellulosic biomass continues to focus on the anaerobic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum. When grown on crystalline cellulose (MN300) in batch culture, there is an initial rapid accumulation of reducing sugars but the sugars are rapidly metabolized in later times during the fermentation. When grown on Solka floc with periodic addition of the substrate, there is a continual accumulation of reducing sugars (xylose, glucose, and cellobiose) as well as ethanol and acetic acid … more
Date: June 1, 1977
Creator: Wang, D. I. C.; Cooney, C. L.; Demain, A. L.; Gomez, R. F. & Sinskey, A. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Raman microprobe investigation of molecular structure and organization in the native state of woody tissue

Description: Although the primary emphasis of our program has remained with the application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of native tissue, the scope of the work has been expanded to include a number of complementary approaches. These have included Solid State 13C NMR, autoradiography of radiolabeled woody tissue sections, and the generation of biomimetic tertiary aggregates which simulate states of aggregation characteristic of cell walls. Our Raman spectroscopic studies have resulted in progress in t… more
Date: August 1, 1989
Creator: Atalla, R.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Aquatic species project report: FY 1991

Description: This report summarizes the progress and research accomplishments of the Aquatic Species Project, which is managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. The project is focused on applying genetic engineering techniques to enhance the lipid, or oil, production of microalgae. Those lipids can be extracted and processed into high-energy liquid fuels such as diesel. Because microalgae require carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse'' gas, as a nutrient, project rese… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Brown, L.M. (National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)) & Sprague, S. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An outdoor test facility for the large-scale production of microalgae

Description: The goal of the US Department of EnergySolar Energy Research Institute's Aquatic Species Program is to develop the technology base to produce liquid fuels from microalgae. This technology is being initially developed for the desert Southwest. As part of this program an outdoor test facility has been designed and constructed in Roswell, New Mexico. The site has a large existing infrastructure, a suitable climate, and abundant saline groundwater. This facility will be used to evaluate productivit… more
Date: March 1, 1988
Creator: Johnson, D.A.; Weissman, J. & Goebel, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of biomass gasification to produce substitute fuels

Description: The development of an efficient pressurized, medium-Btu steam-oxygen-blown fluidized-bed biomass gasification process was conducted. The overall program included initial stages of design-support research before the 12-ton-per-day (TPD) process research unit (PRU) was built. These stages involved the characterization of test-specific biomass species and the characteristics and limits of fluidization control. Also obtained for the design of the adiabatic PRU was information from studies with benc… more
Date: March 1, 1988
Creator: Evans, R. J.; Knight, R. A.; Onischak, M. & Babu, S. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The ultimate ethanol: Technoeconomic evaluation of ethanol manufacture, comparing yeast vs Zymomonas bacterium fermentations. [Zymomonas mobilis:a5; Saccharomyces cerevisiae:a6]

Description: If ethanol could be produced at a low enough price to serve as the precursor to ethylene and butadiene, it and its derivatives could account for 159 billion lb, or 50% of the US production of 316 billion lb of synthetic organic chemicals, presently valued at $113 billion. This use would consume 3.4 billion bu of corn, or {approximately}40% of the corn crop. This study evaluates advance process engineering and genetic engineering techniques that could generate savings and reduce production costs… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Busche, R. M. (Bio En-Gene-Er Associates, Inc., Wilmington, DE (United States)); Scott, C. D.; Davison, B. H. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Lynd, L. R. (Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Demonstration plant for pressurized gasification of biomass feedstocks

Description: A project to design, construct, and operate a pressurized biomass gasification plant in Hawaii will begin in 1991. Negotiations are underway with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) which is co-funding the project with the state of Hawaii and industry. The gasifier is a scale-up of the pressurized fluidized-bed RENUGAS process developed by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT). The project team consists of Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR), Hawaii Natur… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Trenka, A. R.; Kinoshita, C. M.; Takahashi, P. K.; Phillips, V. D.; Caldwell, C.; Kwok, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological production of organic solvents from cellulosic wastes. Progress report, September 15, 1976--September 14, 1977

Description: The objectives of this project are to optimize a modular process to convert cellulosic wastes to butanol and other oil-sparing chemicals. Research to date has focused on developing analytical methods, establishing a good data base and improving cellulase yields. Reliable assay methods for the Thermoactinomyces cellulase complex have been developed, measuring glucose and reducing sugar from filter paper and Avicel for total cellulase activity, viscosity change with carboxymethyl cellulose for th… more
Date: June 1, 1977
Creator: Pye, E.K.; Humphrey, A.E. & Forro, J.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research into the pyrolysis of pure cellulose, lignin, and birch wood flour in the China Lake entrained-flow reactor

Description: This experimental program used the China Lake entrained-flow pyrolysis reactor to briefly investigate the pyrolysis of pure cellulose, pure lignin, and birch wood flour. The study determined that the cellulose and wood flour do pyrolyze to produce primarily gaseous products containing significant amounts of ethylene and other useful hydrocarbons. During attempts to pyrolyze powdered lignin, the material melted and bubbled to block the reactor entrance. The pure cellulose and wood flour produced… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Diebold, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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