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Knock-limited performance tests of 2, 2, 3, 4-tetramethylpentane, 2, 3, 3, 4-tetramethylpentane, 3, 4, 4-trimethyl-2-pentane, and 2, 3, 4-trimethyl-2-pentane in small-scale and full-scale cylinders
Report presenting knock-limited tests using F-4, F-3, and 17.6 small-scale engines and a full-scale cylinder on blends containing four different types of hydrocarbons. Each of the hydrocarbons was individually blended in various concentrations with three base fuels.
Knock-limited power outputs from a CFR engine using internal coolants 1: monomethylamine and dimethylamine
Report presenting an investigation to determine the knock-limited power obtainable by injecting water solutions of monomethylamine and dimethylamine as internal coolants into a CFR engine using AN-F-28, Amendment-2, fuel.
Knock-limited power outputs from a CFR engine using internal coolants 2: six aliphatic amines
Report presenting an investigation to determine the knock-limited performance of AN-F-28, Amendment-2, fuel in a DCFR engine when water solutions of the following aliphatic amines were added as internal coolants: monomethylamine, dimethylamine, ethylendiamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and butylamine. Results regarding the mean effective pressure, indicated specific fuel competition, indicated specific liquid consumption, and knock-limited inlet-air pressure plotted against fuel-air ratio are presented for each fuel and amine combination.
Knock-limited power outputs from a CFR engine using internal coolants 3: four alkyl amines, three alkanolamines six amides, and eight heterocyclic compounds
Report presenting investigations to determine the antiknock effectiveness of various additive-water solutions used as internal coolants in conjunction with AN-F-28, Amendment-2, fuel in a modified CFR engine.
Knock-Limited Power Outputs from a CFR Engine Using Internal Coolants 3 - Four Alkyl Amines, Three Alkanolamines, Six Amides, and Eight Heterocyclic Compounds
An investigation of the antiknock effectiveness of various additive-water solutions when used as internal coolants has been conducted at the NACA Cleveland laboratory. Nine compounds have been previously run in a CFR engine and the results are presented. In an effort to find a good anti-knock-coolant additive with more desirable physical properties than those of the nine compounds previously investigated, water solutions of four alkyl amines, three alkanolamines, six amides, and eight heterocyclic compounds were investigated and the results are presented.
The knock-limiting performance of fuel blends containing aromatics Part 1: toluene, ethyl-benzene, and p-xylene
Report presenting knock-limited small-scale-engine tests of tulene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene blended individually in various concentrations with selected base fuels. Data was obtained for the aromatics to determine the blending sensitivity, the lead susceptibility, and the sensitivity of blends to inlet-air temperature.
The knocking characteristics of fuels in relation to maximum permissible performance of aircraft engines
An analysis is presented of the relationship of various engine factors to knock in preignition in an aircraft engine. From this analysis and from the available experimental data, a method of evaluating the knocking characteristics of the fuel in an aircraft-engine cylinder is suggested.
Knocking combustion observed in a spark-ignition engine with simultaneous direct and Schlieren high-speed motion pictures and pressure records
Simultaneous direct and Schlieren photographs at 40,000 frames per second and correlated pressure records were taken of knocking combustion in a special spark-ignition engine to ascertain the intensity of certain end-zone reactions previously noted from Schlieren photography alone. A violent propagated homogeneous autoignition, or a similar phenomenon, previously observed, was again observed. The pressure records show autoignition of varying violence before the passage of a probable detonation wave. Extensive autoignition without occurrence of gas vibrations was seen in one explosion.
Knocking in an Internal-Combustion Engine
The question remains open of the relation between the phenomena of knocking in the engine and the explosion wave. The solution of this problem is the object of this paper. The tests were conducted on an aircraft engine with a pyrex glass window in the cylinder head. Photographs were then taken of various combinations of fuels and conditions.
Knocking in the Otto-Cycle Engine
Engine knock is, as is known, preceded by normal burning of the first part of the charge, and only the part burned last (residual charge), knocks. The aim of the present measurements was, first, to reexamine the combustion form in this residual charge, because of the absence of uniform and frequently contradictory results in the very extensive literature on the subject. On top of that, an attempt was to be made to gain a deeper insight into the mechanism accompanying the combustion process, by means of the electrical test equipment perfected in recent years.
Knocking Tendency of an Air-Cooled Aircraft-Engine Cylinder With One and With Two Spark Plugs
Report presenting tests conducted with an air-cooled aircraft-engine cylinder to determine the effect on the knocking tendency of cutting out one spark plug when the engine is operating at or near the knock point with two spark plugs firing. The results indicate that cutting out one spark plug will not lead to knock but will actually stop or decrease knock that is occurring with both spark plugs firing.
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Nuclear Physics Section Quarterly Report: September-November 1954
Report discussing the progress of various projects at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory during the period from September to November 1954.
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Nuclear Physics Section Quarterly Report: March-May 1955
Report discussing the progress of various projects at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory during the period from March to May 1955.
Knowledge Gained From Practical Experience in the Designing of Aircraft Engines
The present report examines a few important points of engine design such as: in-line water cooled engines, air-cooled in-line engines, and air-cooled radial engines. Subassemblies are also discussed like cylinder types, blower driving gears, pistons, valves, bearings, and crankshafts.
[Knoxville Quadrangle: Average Record Data Listings]
Average record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Knoxville Quadrangle in Blue Ridge area.
[Knoxville Quadrangle: Single Record Data Listings]
Single record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Knoxville Quadrangle in Blue Ridge area.
Kodiak and Adjacent Islands, Alaska
From abstract: The Kodiak group of islands, having an area of 4,900 square miles, lie on the Pacific Ocean side of the base of the Alaska Peninsula. Although the town of Kodiak is the oldest continuously occupied white settlement in Alaska, the interior of many of the islands is still little explored and unmapped, for the heavy growth of vegetation makes inland travel difficult, and few trails penetrate far from the coast.
Kodiak and Vicinity Alaska
From abstract: Kodiak Island, although the site of the earliest white settlement in Alaska and the center of a vigorous fishing industry, is still largely unexplored, except for a strip immediately adjacent to the shores. The heavy growth of vegetation makes access to the interior of the island difficult, and few trails penetrate far from the coast. Mining activity in the past has been confined to somewhat desultory exploitation of beach sands, which in places carry gold, though some gold-bearing lodes have been staked, and a few unsuccessful attempts at lode mining have been made.
The Koppers Hydrate Process for Saline Water Conversion Experimental and Engineering Studies
Report covering the research and development work on the Koppers Hydrate Process as a means of desalting sea water. The process is a chemical one, in which a hydrating agent, such as propane or dichlorodifluoromethane, and water combine to form insoluble crystals. Most of the work was carried out in bench-scale equipment or laboratory research.
Kxp and kxpl : a Busy Man's LaTeX
This report introduces the following programs: kxp: a time-saving LaTeX preprocessor, kxpl: kxp plus latex, kxh: a help facility for kxp and LaTex, ptex: a program for printing a LaTeX document, and pptex: a program for printing parts of a LaTeX document. More detailed descriptions will be given in Part 2: A Reference Manual. The appendix gives instructions on how to use Argonne's Mathematics and Computer Science Division letterhead and intralaboratory memo L(sup A)T(sub E)X styles.
"A L C L A D": A New Corrosion Resistant Aluminum Product
Described here is a new corrosion resistant aluminum product which is markedly superior to the present strong alloys. Alclad is a heat-treated aluminum, copper, manganese, magnesium alloy that has the corrosion resistance of pure metal at the surface and the strength of the strong alloy underneath. Of particular importance is the thorough character of the union between the alloy and the pure aluminum.
[Lab Stream Sediment Data for Pratt Quadrangle]
Lab data of stream sediment samples taken from the Pratt quadrangle.
[Lab Well Water Data for Hutchinson Quadrangle]
A laboratory dataset analyzing the well water of Hutchinson quadrangle, Kansas.
The laboratories of the Technical Section of Aeronautics (Service Technique de L'Aeronautique or S.T.Ae.)
An historical sketch of the laboratories of the Technical Section is provided. A breakdown of the different departments and their specialties is also listed.
Laboratory and Full-Scale Sulfur Elimination Tests on Coal from Pratt Bed, Alabama
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over studies conducted on the Pratt coal bed in Alabama. The report details "washability studies of coal from beds in Alabama and other southern states in which commercially important deposits occur" (p. 1). This report includes tables, graphs, and illustrations.
Laboratory Corrosion Tests of Spring Steel Wire in Simulated Neutralized Purex Process Waste Solution
The purpose of the short duration corrosion test was to obtain preliminary data regarding the corrosion resistance of the spring steel wire in Purex process waste solutions and to measure any changes in the tensile properties of the wire resulting from this exposure.
[Laboratory Data of Well Water Samples for Joplin Quadrangle]
Dataset containing laboratory data of hydrogeochemical studies taken from well water samples in the Joplin quadrangle, Kansas and Missouri.
[Laboratory Data on Stream Sediment from the Hutchinson Quadrangle]
Laboratory data recording results from stream sediment studies on samples taken from the Hutchinson Quadrangle, Kansas
[Laboratory Data on Well Water in the Manhattan Quadrangle]
Laboratory data recording results from studies on well water samples taken from the Manhattan Quadrangle, Kansas
[Laboratory Data on Well Water in the Pratt Quadrangle]
Dataset containing laboratory data on trace elements in well water samples taken from Pratt quadrangle.
[Laboratory Data on Well Water in the Wichita Quadrangle]
Laboratory data results taken from hydrogeochemical studies of well water samples the Wichita quadrangle, Kansas.
Laboratory Demonstration of Redox Feed Head-End Treatment ; Ruthenium Volatilization and Manganese Dioxide Scavenging
From introduction: "The prime motive behind the experiments described in this report and in those preceding it in this series is the desire to reduce the number of Redox cycles necessary for decontamination from fission products of the plutonium and uranium streams sufficient to allow final disposition of these two products...This report deals with the mechanics of manganese dioxide handing, laboratory development of manganese dioxide scavenging, and a series of experiments at multicurie level combining ruthenium volatilization and manganese dioxide scavenging in stainless steel equipment."
Laboratory Development of a Tributyl Phosphate Solvent Extraction Process for Processing 20% Enriched Uranium Alloy Fuel
Report containing a preliminary chemical flowsheet "for the preparation of feed and two solvent extraction cycles for the processing of silicon-containing aluminum-uranium alloy, 20% enriched, fuel elements" (p. 2).
Laboratory Development of an Electromagnetic Test for Uranium Quality
An electromagnetic instrument similar to the Multitest was built and used to test 2200 uranium slugs. It was found that the equipment could be used to detect inclusions and cracks in the uranium, but that small cracks are not readily detectable on a production basis unless the material is absolutely uniform in inclusion content. The instrument can be used, however, to sort out hidden defects of a reasonable size and to reject grossly dirty uranium.
A Laboratory Development of Cavitation-Free Baffle Piers, Bluestone Dam, New River, West Virginia
Results of model studies to determine the extent of destructive cavitation action (if any) in the stilling-basin elements at the Bluestone Dam in New River, West Virginia. The study also intended to develop means of correcting any conditions in the basin if needed.
Laboratory Development of Processes for Fixation of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Glassy Solids. [Part] 3, Wastes from the Purex Solvent Extraction Process
Report concerning the fixation and disposal of toxic waste derived from the Purex solvent extraction process.
Laboratory Development of the MTR-RaLa Process for the Production of Barium140
From abstract: "This report presents the laboratory development of the MTR-RaLa Process for the production of barium140 from Materials Testing Reactor assemblies." The laboratory studied four possible chemical schemes with the final process being chosen "on the basis of chemical yield and purity of product, ease of recovery of uranium235, simplicty of equipment, and overall time required for processing" (from introduction).
Laboratory Development of the Thorex Process
Changes made in the Thorex process flowsheet were a decrease in the extraction column acidity to decrease thorium losses and the addition of a second thorium solvent-extraction cycle to provide the increased decontamination required when thorium irradiated to 2000-4000 g of U233 per ton is processed. Bonded slugs could not be dissolved by the Thorex flowsheet procedure. Various laboratory scale studies on feed preparation, first-cycle variables, and radiation damage to the solvent are reported.
Laboratory Investigation of an Autopilot Utilizing a Mechanical Linkage With a Dead Spot to Obtain an Effective Rate Signal
Note presenting an investigation of the roll automatic pilot system, which operates on a nonlinear principle whereby a dead spot is incorporated in the servomotor feedback linkage to obtain an effective rate signal by reducing the phase lag of the servomotor. Results regarding some preliminary considerations, autopilot amplitude and phase response, and roll-simulator tests are provided.
Laboratory Investigation of Ice Formation and Elimination in the Induction System of a Large Twin-Engine Cargo Aircraft
"The icing characteristics, the de-icing rate with hot air, and the effect of impact ice on fuel metering and mixture distribution have been determined in a laboratory investigation of that part of the engine induction system consisting of a three-barrel injection-type carburetor and a supercharger housing with spinner-type fuel injection from an 18-cylinder radial engine used on a large twin-engine cargo airplane. The induction system remained ice-free at carburetor-air temperatures above 36 F regardless of the moisture content of the air. Between carburetor-air temperatures of 32 F and 36 F with humidity ratios in excess of saturation, serious throttling ice formed in the carburetor because of expansion cooling of the air; at carburetor-air temperatures below 32 F with humidity ratios in excess of saturation, serious impact-ice formations occurred" (p. 1).
A Laboratory Investigation of Icing and Heated-Air De-Icing of a Chandler-Evans 1900 CPB-3 Carburetor Mounted on a Pratt and Whitney R-1830-C4 Intermediate Rear Engine Section
Report presenting testing on a Chandler-Evans 1900 CPB-3 carburetor mounted on a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-C4 intermediate rear engine section to find the limiting conditions for no icing, icing that would not affect engine operation (visible icing), and icing that would affect engine operation. Results regarding classification and location of ice formations, effect of icing on fuel-air ratio, and ways to limit icing conditions are provided.
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 1: Description of Setup and Testing Technique
Report discussing icing and de-icing of the carburetor and supercharger inlet of typical aircraft engine induction systems. A description of the systems used to control and simulate different conditions is provided.
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 2: Determination of the Limiting-Icing Conditions
"The carburetor and engine-stage supercharger assembly of a fighter aircraft were laboratory-tested to determine the icing characteristics of the induction system under three simulated engine power conditions with varying carburetor-air temperature, relative humidity, simulated-rain injection, rain and fuel temperature, fuel-air ratio, and fuel of different distillation characteristics" (p. 1).
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 3: Heated Air as a Means of De-Icing the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow
Report discussing the use of a twin-barrel injection carburetor and a supercharger inlet elbow to establish the relation between wet- and dry-bulb temperatures of the de-icing air and time required to recover from air-flow loss due to icing. The tests were performed at several power conditions, icing conditions, temperatures, and dry and humidified air. De-icing time was found to be a function of the nature of the ice formation and of the wet-bulb temperature of the de-icing air.
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 4: Effect of Throttle Design and Method of Throttle Operation on Induction-System Icing Characteristics
"In order to eliminate the formation of ice on the carburetor throttle plates of an aircraft-engine induction system, two modifications of the throttle design and a variation in the method of throttle operation of the twin-barrel injection carburetor were tested" (p. 1). The modifications were investigated under severe icing conditions at normal power, maximum cruising power, and 60-percent normal power. The only modification that appeared to provide deicing assistance were the electrically heated throttle plates.
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 5: Effect of Injection of Water-Fuel Mixtures and Water-Ethanol-Fuel Mixtures on the Icing Characteristics
Report discussing the effects of internal coolants injected with fuel on the icing characteristics of a twin-barrel injection carburetor mounted on an engine-stage supercharger assembly. The tests were made at conditions that simulated war emergency power and at a variety of water-fuel ratios, carburetor-air temperatures, and carburetor-air relative humidities.
Laboratory Investigation of Icing in the Carburetor and Supercharger Inlet Elbow of an Aircraft Engine 6: Effect of Modifications to Fuel-Spray Nozzle on Icing Characteristics
Report discussing modifications to the spray nozzle to prevent the formation of refrigeration icing in the induction system of an aircraft engine. Two fuel-injection systems, a spinner type and a drilled-inducer type, that prevent the formation of refrigerator icing satisfactorily were created.
A laboratory investigation of the icing characteristics of the Bendix-Stromberg carburetor model PD-12F5 with the Pratt and Whitney R-1830-C4 intermediate rear engine section
Report presenting icing tests on a Bendix-Stromberg PD-12F5 carburetor mounted on a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-C4 intermediate rear engine section. Limiting icing conditions were established for simulated cruising power and simulated rated power over a range of carburetor-air temperatures, and relative humidities are provided.
Laboratory Investigation of Two Autopilots for a 4/10-Scale Drop Model of the Grumman F8F-1 Airplane, TED No. NACA 2466
"Performance investigation and frequency response analyses were con- ducted en two autopilot control systems designed for use in the 0.4-scale model of the Grumman F8F-1 airplane. The first system, based on the action of a displacement gyroscope only, was investigated to find the cause of a small-amplitude pitch oscillation which had been noted in previous flight tests. The results of the investigation conducted revealed that, although the autopilot-model combination was dynamically stable, a hunting oscillation was possible due to a change in autopilot characteristics in a dive" (p. 1).
A laboratory Ivestigation of the Fluorination of Crude Uranium Tertrafluoride
Ore concentrates have been converted directly to crude uranium tetrafluoride by hydrogen reduction and hydrofluorination in fluidized-bed reactors. Small-scale laboratory experiments demonstrated that this process can be extended to the production of crude uranium hexafluoride through fluorination of the uranium tetrafluoride in a fluidized bed. The satisfactory temperature range for the reaction lies between 300°C and 600°C. At 450°C the fluorine utilization is between 50 and 80 per cent. With excess fluorine, over 99 per cent of the uranium is volatilized from the solid material. The fluidization characteristics of certain materials are improved by the addition of an inert solid diluent to the bed.
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