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Pakistan’s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission: U.S. Policy Constraints and Options

Description: In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the military-dominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country’s nuclear proliferation activities, The 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two longstanding dilemmas concerning U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in an often strained security relationship spanning more than five decades, U.S. and Pakistani national security objectives have seldom been congruent. Pakistan has viewed the allia… more
Date: May 24, 2005
Creator: Cronin, Richard P.; Kronstadt, K. Alan & Squassoni, Sharon
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Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons

Description: This report discusses the current status of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads. Chronic political instability in Pakistan and Islamabad's military efforts against the Taliban and al-Qaeda have raised concerns about the security of the country's nuclear weapons. Some observers fear that Pakistan's strategic nuclear assets could be obtained by terrorists or used by elements in the Pakistani government; however, U.S. officials have general… more
Date: August 1, 2016
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Pakistan's nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad's expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called "full spectrum deterrence" have led to concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pak… more
Date: February 12, 2016
Creator: Kerr, Paul K.
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Pakistan's nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad's expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called "full spectrum deterrence" have led to concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pak… more
Date: January 14, 2016
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date: August 8, 2011
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date: August 29, 2011
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date: July 20, 2011
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report outlines Pakistan's nuclear arsenal and continued fissile material production for weapons. Pakistan does not have a stated nuclear policy but its "minimum credible deterrent" is thought to be primarily a deterrent to Indian military action. Pakistani and US officials argue that Islamabad has taken a number of steps to prevent further proliferation of nuclear related technologies. Although instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question.
Date: June 12, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date: March 19, 2013
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms. The report addresses these issues as well, in addition to the U.S.-Pakistan relationship as it regards nuclear pol… more
Date: February 23, 2010
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms. The report addresses these issues as well, in addition to the U.S.-Pakistan relationship as it regards nuclear pol… more
Date: October 7, 2010
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date: May 10, 2012
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: June 20, 2008
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: December 9, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: September 28, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: April 1, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: July 30, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues

Description: This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms.
Date: October 15, 2009
Creator: Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
open access

Security and the Environment in Pakistan

Description: This report focuses on the nexus between security and environmental concerns in Pakistan that have the potential to affect American security and foreign policy interests. The report examines the potentially destabilizing effect that, when combined with Pakistan's demographic trends and limited economic development, water scarcity, limited arable land, and food security may have on an already radicalized internal and destabilized international political security environment.
Date: August 3, 2010
Creator: Vaughn, Bruce; Carter, Nicole T.; Sheikh, Pervaze A. & Johnson, Renée
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The Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIG TARP)

Description: This report discusses the Special Inspector General provisions in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, H.R. 1424, which was enacted as P.L. 110-343 on October 3, 2008. This Act created a Special Inspector General (SIG) for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). This report will compare the duties and authorities of the SIG TARP to those of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR) and the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), as we… more
Date: November 5, 2008
Creator: Burrows, Vanessa K.
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Terrorist Attacks in Mumbai, India, and Implications for U.S. Interests

Description: This report examines the November 26, 2008 terrorist attack on Mumbai, India that left 174 people dead and hundreds more injured. The report assesses the resulting tension between India and Pakistan, due to possible links between the attackers and the Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorist group, who are believed to have past ties with Pakistan's military and intelligence services. The report also examines the implications of the attack on U.S. foreign policy.
Date: December 19, 2008
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
open access

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan

Description: U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in developing longer range missiles. U.S. official statements leave little doubt that cooperation occurred, but there are significant details missing on the scope of cooperation and the role of Pakistan's government. The roots of cooperation are deep. North Korea and Pa… more
Date: October 11, 2006
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon A.
open access

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan

Description: In October 2002, the United States confronted North Korea about its alleged clandestine uranium enrichment program. Soon after, the Agreed Framework collapsed, North Korea expelled international inspectors, and withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in… more
Date: May 7, 2003
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon
open access

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan

Description: In October 2002, the United States confronted North Korea about its alleged clandestine uranium enrichment program. Soon after, the Agreed Framework collapsed, North Korea expelled international inspectors, and withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in… more
Date: March 11, 2004
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon
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