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open access

North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation

Description: This report provides background information on the negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons program that began in the early 1990s under the Clinton Administration. As U.S. policy toward Pyongyang evolved through the George W. Bush and Obama presidencies, the negotiations moved from mostly bilateral to the multilateral Six-Party Talks (made up of China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, and the United States).
Date: September 13, 2013
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Rinehart, Ian E.
open access

China-North Korea Relations

Description: This report provides a brief survey of China-North Korea relations, assesses China's objectives and actions, and raises policy issues for the United States.
Date: December 28, 2010
Creator: Nanto, Dick K. & Manyin, Mark E.
open access

North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions

Description: This report discusses the economic sanctions the United States imposes on North Korea for activities related to weapons proliferation, destabilizing the region, anti-terrorism, and undemocratic governance.
Date: September 29, 2010
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E.
open access

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Description: Much of the debate over U.S. policy toward Iran has centered on the nature of the current regime; some believe that Iran, a country of about 70 million people, is a threat to U.S. interests because hardliners in Iran's regime dominate and set a policy direction intended to challenge U.S. influence and allies in the region. President George W. Bush, in his January 29, 2002, State of the Union message, labeled Iran part of an "axis of evil" along with Iraq and North Korea.
Date: September 22, 2010
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
open access

The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex

Description: This purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the role, purposes, and results of the Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) and examine U.S. interests, policy issues, options, and legislation.
Date: March 17, 2011
Creator: Manyin, Mark E. & Nanto, Dick K.
open access

North Korea's 2009 Nuclear Test: Containment, Monitoring, Implications

Description: This report discusses the implications of North Korea's May 25, 2009, underground nuclear test, related issues such as the the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), containment of radioactive materials, and other concerns for Congress, such as improving nuclear monitoring capability.
Date: November 24, 2010
Creator: Medalia, Jonathan
open access

North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation

Description: Although the primary focus of U.S. policy toward North Korea is the nuclear weapons program, there are a host of other issues, which this report explores through an overview of the U.S.-North Korea relationship, including an emphasis on the diplomacy of the Six-Party Talks. Please refer to the list at the end of this report for the full list of CRS reports focusing on other North Korean issues.
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Taylor, Mi Ae
open access

The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex

Description: This purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the role, purposes, and results of the Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) and examine U.S. interests, policy issues, options, and legislation.
Date: April 18, 2011
Creator: Manyin, Mark E. & Nanto, Dick K.
open access

Imports from North Korea: Existing Rules, Implications of the KORUS FTA, and the Kaesong Industrial Complex

Description: This report examines the issue of U.S. imports from North Korea in three parts: U.S. rules and practices governing imports from North Korea. North Korea's exports to South Korea (via the KIC) and China, its dominant export markets. The KORUS FTA's potential effect on U.S. imports of North Korean content.
Date: May 24, 2011
Creator: Manyin, Mark E.; Grimmett, Jeanne J.; Jones, Vivian C. & Nanto, Dick K.
open access

Nuclear Negotiations with North Korea: In Brief

Description: This report summarizes past nuclear and missile negotiations between the United States and North Korea, also known by its formal name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), and highlights some of the lessons and implications that can be drawn from these efforts.
Date: December 4, 2017
Creator: Nikitin, Mary Beth D.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Manyin, Mark E.
open access

CRS Products on North Korea

Description: This report provides a listing of CRS reports related to North Korea, organized by broad topical categories. It also includes contact information for CRS experts on various aspects of North Korea.
Date: December 28, 2017
Creator: Manyin, Mark E.
open access

Possible U.S. Policy Approaches to North Korea

Description: This report describes President Trump's current policy toward North Korea and possible options for future U.S. policy. Options include diplomatic engagement, international and U.S. sanction increases, military strikes, destabilization of the North Korean government through intelligence activities and popular resentment, enhanced military cooperation with allies, and additional funding for preventing arms trading and related trade with North Korea.
Date: September 4, 2017
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Manyin, Mark E.
open access

North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions

Description: This report discusses the economic sanctions the United States imposes on North Korea for activities related to weapons proliferation, destabilizing the region, anti-terrorism, and undemocratic governance.
Date: June 11, 2018
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E.
open access

The June 12 Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit

Description: This report covers the June 12, 2018 meeting between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. During the meeting the two discussed North Korea's nuclear program, building a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula, and the future of U.S. relations with North Korea.
Date: June 12, 2018
Creator: Manyin, Mark E. & Nikitin, Mary Beth D.
open access

North Korea's Nuclear and Ballistic Missile Programs

Description: This report discusses the rapid advancements North Korea has made in its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs since 2012. Despite the absence of any missile launch activity or nuclear tests in 2018 to date, previous tests and official North Korean statements suggest that North Korea is striving to build a credible regional nuclear warfighting capability that might evade regional ballistic missile defenses. Such an approach likely reinforces their deterrent and coercive diplomacy strat… more
Date: August 2, 2018
Creator: Hildreth, Steven A. & Nikitin, Mary Beth D.
open access

North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation

Description: This report provides background information on the negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons program that began in the early 1990s under the Clinton Administration. As U.S. policy toward Pyongyang evolved through the George W. Bush presidency and into the Obama Administration, the negotiations moved from mostly bilateral to the multilateral Six-Party Talks (made up of China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, and the United States).
Date: June 29, 2012
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Rinehart, Ian E.
open access

Non-Governmental Organizations’ Activities in North Korea

Description: This report looks at the activities and effectiveness of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) - non-profit, charitable institutions - in the lives of ordinary North Koreans. The role of NGOs in North Korea may re-emerge as a congressional interest, as the Obama Administration has expressed interest in restarting humanitarian assistance to North Korea.
Date: March 25, 2011
Creator: Taylor, Mi Ae & Manyin, Mark E.
open access

North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation

Description: This report provides background information on the negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons program that began in the early 1990s under the Clinton Administration. As US policy toward Pyongyang evolved through the George W. Bush presidency and into the Obama Administration, the negotiations moved from mostly bilateral to the multilateral Six-Party Talks. Although the negotiations have reached some key agreements, major problems with the implementation have persisted. With talks suspended… more
Date: January 17, 2012
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma
open access

Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation

Description: This report describes the key elements of a nuclear weapons program; explains the available information regarding cooperation among Iran, North Korea, and Syria on ballistic missiles and nuclear technology; and discusses some specific issues for Congress.
Date: February 26, 2016
Creator: Kerr, Paul K.; Hildreth, Steven A. & Nikitin, Mary Beth D.
open access

North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief

Description: This report discusses how as North Korea has accelerated its missile and nuclear programs in spite of international sanctions, Congress and the Trump Administration have elevated North Korea to a top U.S. foreign policy priority. Legislation such as the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-122) and international sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council have focused on North Korea's WMD and ballistic missile programs and human rights abuses. North Ko… more
Date: August 3, 2017
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Rosen, Liana W.; Rollins, John W. & Theohary, Catherine A.
open access

A Peace Treaty with North Korea?

Description: This report discusses the recent comments and upcoming summits between North Korea, South Korea, and the United States regarding denuclearization and negotiating a formal peace treaty to officially end the Korean War. A brief overview of past attempts to negotiate a peace treaty between the parties in the Korean War is provided and current priorities for a peace treaty are provided.
Date: April 19, 2018
Creator: Chanlett-Avery; Lawrence, Susan V.; Manyin, Mark E. & Nikitin, Mary Beth D.
open access

CRS Products and Experts on North Korea

Description: This report provides a listing of CRS reports covering various aspects of North Korean policy and U.S. policy toward North Korea.
Date: May 1, 2018
Creator: Manyin, Mark E.
open access

Foreign Assistance to North Korea

Description: This report provides background and discusssion regarding United States aid in food, energy, and denuclearization to North Korea. Currently plans for new aid are on hold due to the North Korean rocket launch on April 13, 2012.
Date: April 2, 2014
Creator: Manyin, Mark E. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
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