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- Recent work on normal and superconducting inductive energy storage switching at the Efremov Institute, Leningrad, USSR
- Various forms of switches for both normal and superconducting inductive energy storage have been devised and developed at NIIEFA. At the present time, however, a major portion of the efforts of the Institute in these fields is being applied to the design and construction of coils for tokamak ''T-10M.'' The superconducting toroidal field coils (the design of which is still uncertain) will be switched by simple switches made of Nb-Ti ribbon. The normal coils for the poloidal field will be switched by a simple metal contactor breaker. As the ''T-10M'' project proceeds, perhaps some of the innovative inductive storage and switching work can continue and when ''T-10M'' is complete, the basic research can resume at full level.
- The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
- This report discusses the G-20, an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies among major advanced and emerging economies. Previous summits have, for example, focused on financial regulatory reform, global imbalances, funding for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), voting power of emerging economies in international financial institutions, and fossil fuel subsidies.
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- Report that discusses the issues surrounding whether or not the U.S. should grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) following its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
- Europe's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification
- This report focuses on potential approaches that Europe might employ to diversify its sources of natural gas supply, Russia's role in Europe's natural gas policies, and key factors that could hinder efforts to develop alternative suppliers of natural gas. The report assesses the potential suppliers of natural gas to Europe and the short- to medium-term hurdles needed to be overcome for those suppliers to be credible, long-term providers of natural gas to Europe. The report looks at North Africa, potentially the most realistic supply alternative in the near term, but notes that the region will have to resolve its current political, economic, and security instability as well as the internal structural changes to the natural gas industry.
- The Evolution of Cooperative Threat Reduction: Issues for Congress
- This report provides information on the wide range of programs that the United States is pursuing to secure and eliminate nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and materials and to prevent hostile nations and terrorist organizations from gaining access to these weapons or the knowledge and materials needed to manufacture and use them.
- The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
- This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future. The members of the G-20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
- Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
- This report provides basic information about U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It begins with a brief discussion of how these weapons have appeared in public debates in the past few decades, then summarizes the differences between strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It then provides some historical background, describing the numbers and types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons deployed by both nations during the Cold War and in the past decade; the policies that guided the deployment and prospective use of these weapons; and the measures that the two sides have taken to reduce and contain their forces. The report reviews the issues that have been raised with regard to U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons, and summarizes a number of policy options that might be explored by Congress, the United States, Russia, and other nations to address these issues.
- U.S.-Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
- The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation and Russia's policies toward Iran.
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- Granting Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status requires a change in law because Russia is prohibited from receiving unconditional and permanent NTR under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. This provision includes the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment. Extension of PNTR has implications for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This report examines this legislative issue in the context of Russian accession to the WTO and U.S.-Russian economic ties.
- The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
- The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty - known as New START - on April 8, 2010. This treaty is designed to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), which expired, after 15 years of implementation, on December 5, 2009. This report provides an overview of New START, including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticisms of those who say that New START (and, indeed, the entire issue of U.S.-Russian arms control) is a distraction from more important items on the nonproliferation agenda.
- Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States
- As has been the case with most of the world's economies, the Russian economy has been hit hard by the current global financial crisis. Even before the financial crisis, however, Russia was showing signs of economic problems. Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States and the U.S.-Russian relationship which this report addresses. Might Russia's robust economic growth return? Is an economically strong Russia a threat or benefit to the United States? Is Russia following economic strategies that promote a market economy that underlies the international trade system manifested in the World Trade Organization?
- The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
- This report discusses the increasing international pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program and how that pressure discourages foreign firms from investing in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production. This report discusses the history and progress of the formal U.S. effort to curb energy investment in Iran, which began with the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) in 1996. This report also discusses U.S. concerns that other nations, e.g., U.S. allies, Russia, and China, are not as strict with their economic sanctions against Iran, and how U.S. policymakers are combating this reticence with various pieces of legislation.
- Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- Report that provides background information regarding the Nuclear Arms Control negotiations between U.S. and Russia. Articles of the Treaty of Moscow and force structures under this treaty are discussed.
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
- The Former Soviet Union and U.S. Foreign Aid: Implementing the Assistance Program, 1992-1994
- In fiscal year 1994, the new states of the former Soviet Union became collectively the second largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance made available from all sources. Whether and how the assistance program is helping to bring about democratic systems and free market economies is increasingly a question of interest to Congress and the public at large.
- Moldova: Basic Facts
- Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union June 1940, and regained its independence on August 27, 1991. Shortly thereafter, Moldova faced challenges from Turkic-speaking Gagauz and ethnic Russians, both residing in Moldova's Dniestr valley, who proclaimed separatist "republics." Other challenges facing Moldovans include pursuing economic reform and choosing between potential reunification with their ethnic cohorts in Romania and forging an independent identity.
- Partnership for Peace
- NATO's Partnership for Peace program seeks to encourage eligible states, above all the states of the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union, to build democracy and undertake greater responsibilities in international security. The program could open the door to, but does not promise, NATO membership. U.S. and NATO relations with Russia are likely to be the determining factor in deciding whether states move from Partnership to NATO membership.
- Enlargement in Central Europe
- In December 1994, NATO members will begin the process of debating possible criteria for new members from Central Europe. Alliance relations with Russia will be a central factor determining the outcome of the debate.
- The Chromium Industry of the U.S.S.R.
- Report discussing the production and export or chromite from the U.S.S.R, including an overview of the industry (raw material base, mining and processing facilities, foreign trade, and policies and programs controlling its operations) as well as observations on the outlook for the future.
- The Manganese Industry of the U.S.S.R.
- Report presenting a study of the Soviet manganese industry, which is intended to aid in assessing the present and future role of the U.S.S.R. on the world supply. Information is provided on reserves, mining, technology, ferroalloy production, trade, and consumption.
- Scientific-Information Centers in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R
- From foreword: This report provides a review of the Soviet and U.S. technical information systems.
- Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress
- This report discusses the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty between the U.S. and Russia which bans all land-based missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. This report outlines the original treaty provisions and then discusses compliance concerns for both Russia and the U.S., as well as possible responses to the situation by the U.S.
- Experiment Station Record, Volume 13, 1901-1902
- Volume provides abstracts of agricultural experiments conducted during the year. Also includes statistics, convention reports, bulletins, and bibliographies. Name and subject indexes start on page 1113.
- Experiment Station Record, Volume 14, 1902-1903
- Volume provides abstracts of agricultural experiments conducted during the year. Also includes statistics, convention reports, bulletins, and bibliographies. Name and subject indexes start on page 1141.
- U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement
- This report analyzes the Trump Administration's decision to pullout from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its potential implications. The other powers that negotiated the accord with Iran--Russia, China, France, Britain, and Germany--have consistently asserted that the JCPOA is succeeding in its core objectives and that its implementation should not be jeopardized.
- Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Iran Nuclear Deal
- This report discusses the response of the non-U.S. parties to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to the Trump Administration's decision to cease implementing U.S. commitments under the agreement. The other parties, which include the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, China, the European Union (EU) and Iran, opposed the U.S. move and have undertaken intensive negotiations to try to preserve the accord.
- Proposals to Impose Sanctions on Russian Sovereign Debt
- This report discusses sanctions the U.S. imposes against Russia. The United States imposes sanctions on hundreds of Russian individuals and entities for aggression against Ukraine, election interference, malicious cyber activity, human rights violations, weapons proliferation, and other activities. Some Members of Congress are proposing additional sanctions in response to continuing objectionable behavior by the Russian government. One proposal is to sanction new debt issued by the Russian government. If enacted, U.S. investors would be prohibited from buying or trading new Russian sovereign debt.
- Newsmap. Monday, December 27, 1943 : week of December 16 to December 22, 224th week of the war, 106th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive, Yugoslavia. Maps: Eastern front; Netherlands Indies; Southwest New Britain. Photographs: French troops of 2nd Moroccan Division fight in Italy; Half-track loaded with Frenchmen crosses the Volturno; French First Armored Division during maneuvers; B-25 Mitchell bomber; 75mm shell for the cannon on the Mitchell bomber; Japanese destroyer after being hit by shells from the Mitchell bomber; Gen. Bernard Montgomery commander of the British Eighth Army explains battle strategy to Soviet generals: Maj. Gen. Vasiliev and Maj. Gen. Solodvnik. Back: Map showing Japanese controlled areas. Inset maps illustrate Japanese territorial acquisitions over time. Includes "Text of the general statement issued after the Cairo conference attended by President Roosevelt, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and Prime Minister Churchill, together with their respective military and diplomatic advisers."
- Newsmap. Monday, May 17, 1943 : week of May 7 to May 14, 192nd week of the war, 74th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: North Africa, Southwest Pacific, China-Burma, Plans, Aleutians, Russia Large world map is keyed to text and shows United Nations, Axis and Axis occupied areas, countries with Axis relations broken, and neutral countries. Inset maps: Shrinking battle lines in Tunisia; Crimea and surrounding region showing Nazi held territories. Photographs: Army-Navy expedition lands at Amchitka; Army gunner sets up AA defense at the westernmost U.S. air base in the Aleutians; Navy Seabees take shelter in foxholes; Allied soldiers line up for chow in almost knee-deep mud. Back: Text entitled "So he can fight!" describes the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps.
- Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy
- This report looks at the Russia's revamping of the armed forces that it inherited from the Soviet Union. It discusses the revamping process as well as the new armed forces' relationship with the U.S.
- Russia's December 2011 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications
- This report discusses the December 2011 elections in Russia, including background information, the campaign, results and assessments of the election, implications for Russia and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, and implications for U.S. interests. Congress may consider the implications of another Putin presidency, lagging democratization, and human rights abuses in Russia as it debates possible future foreign assistance and trade legislation and other aspects of U.S.-Russia relations.
- Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- This report provides background information regarding the Nuclear Arms Control negotiations between U.S. and Russia. In addition it discusses treaties, the content and form of the agreements.
- Newsmap. Monday, January 24, 1944 : week of January 13 to January 20, 228th week of the war, 110th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Italy, Air war, Southwest Pacific, Burma. Map shows Allied advances during the week. Photographs: Cruiser U.S.S. Duluth shortly before being christened; Petty Officer Alex Holgate acknowledges a voice order during gunnery exercises; Bows-on view of a 10,000 ton Independence class carriers; Jungle training involving .30 caliber air-cooled machine guns; Italian refugees pass disabled American tanks; Italian battlescape near San Vitore; Allied Military Government officials question an Italian wheat farmer; Quartermaster Corps sort through a mountain of shoes and clothes to determine what will be reconditioned; Nazis from the Hermann Goering Division are led into custody by Pfc. Ira O. Creed, of Johnson City, Tenn. Back: [text and col. ill.]: German Army uniforms [field gray, tropical, mobile troops, mountain].
- Newsmap. Monday, January 17, 1944 : week of January 6 to January 13, 227th week of the war, 109th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Burma, Air war, Italy, Southwest Pacific, Yugoslavia, Jet plane. Map inset: Enemy controlled areas across the globe Photographs: Chinese workers and soldiers pack dirt for an airfield in southeastern China; WACs Capt. Elizabeth Lutze, Sheboygan, Wis., Lt. Sally Dean, Battle Creek, Mich. and Flight officer Margaret Maude, WAAF, London, pause behind a sacred cow lying in front of a bazaar in Delhi, India; U.S. engineers supervise the building of the new Ledo Road in northern Burma; Lt. Gen. Krueger watches the plane taking Gen. Marshall back to the U.S.; Gen. Marshall confers with Gen. Sir Thomas Blamey; Gen. George C. Marshall with Lieut. Gen. George C. Kenney, Maj. Gen. S.J. Chamberlain, Lieut. Gen. Walter Krueger, Gen. Marshall and Gen. MacArthur; Logone, Italy during a battle between Fifth Army artillery and German forces; Soldiers look for salvage in a pile of shell cases and containers following a barrage against German positions in Cassino; American soldiers of the Fifth Army repair a tank motor near battle lines. Back: Map of Southeast Asia.
- Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments
- This report provides a brief history and recent developments regarding the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT). The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. The report discusses the national positions on testing and the CTBT, The North Korean nuclear test, stockpile stewardship, and CTBT pros and cons.
- Newsmap. Monday, January 10, 1944 : week of December 29, 1943 to January 5, 1944, 226th week of the war, 108th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: U.S.S.R., Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive Maps: Central Italy, Rumania/Poland, New Britain Island./ Inset maps: Cassino region; Chieti region. Photographs: Delivering supplies to troops in Central Italy, Gen. Eisenhower with Sir Charles Poetal and Sir Arthur Tedder after the Tehran conference, Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, and Gen. Sir Alan Brooke inspect Nazi prisoners on the Italian front in New Zealand; Germans prepare to evacuate the Crimea, Landing craft are protected by B-25 medium bombers at Arawe. Back: Illustration and photographs show the many ways Army nurses serve.
- Russian Energy Policy Toward Neighboring Countries
- This report begins with a brief discussion of the Russian oil and gas industries, including their efforts to purchase energy infrastructure in central and Eastern Europe and reduce energy subsidies to neighboring countries. A second section deals with the impact of recent Russian energy policy on neighboring countries, all of them formerly part of the Soviet Union, de facto or de jure, and all heavily dependent on Russian energy imports.
- Newsmap. Monday, January 3, 1944 : week of December 22 to December 29, 1943, 225th week of the war, 107th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: New Britain, Air offensive, USSR, Italy, Scharnhorst, Command. Maps: Central Italy showing rivers and roads, Distance from London to the coast of France near Boulogne, Coastline of northern Scandinavia. Photographs: American 155mm gun fires on German positions at Mignano; American soldiers temporarily reside in holes on Venafro Ridge; Equipment retreating Germans used to tear up railroad tracks; Allied troops clear the torn up tracks to use the road bed as a highway; An LST lands at Mono Island. Back: Color map of northeast New Guinea/New Britain.
- Newsmap. Monday, December 6, 1943 : week of November 25 to December 2, 221st week of the war, 103rd week of U.S. participation
- Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, USSR, Germany, Central Pacific, Southwest Pacific, China, Plans. Inset maps: central Italy, northeast New Guinea, Action areas in central and southwest Pacific, Truk Is., Nauru, Wotje, Jaluit, Makin, Tarawa. Photographs: Australian Air Force Beaufighter, Sgt. Ben Kuroki of Hershey, Nebraska, Captured Soviet equipment, Rescued blindfolded Nazi. German built road in Isernia. Back: Text and 11 illustrations highlight the 11 general orders that must be known by sentinels.
- Newsmap. Monday, April 26, 1943 : week of April 16 to April 23 : 189th week of the war, 71st week of U.S. participation
- Text describes action on various war fronts: Tunisia, Raid on Japan, Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive, Russia, Aleutians. Large world map is keyed to text. Shows United Nations countries, Axis and Axis occupied areas, countries with Axis relations broken, and neutral countries. Inset maps show Italy, Sardinia, and northern Tunisia; Axis held areas in Tunisia; Nazi held areas around the Sea of Azov. Back: Fox Holes: Dig!..Or Die! Photographs and illustrations describing proper fox hole preparation and use.
- Newsmap. Monday, August 30, 1943 : week of August 19 to August 26, 207th week of the war, 89th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Russia, Kiska, Berlin, Conference, Burma, China, New Guinea, New Georgia. Maps show Russian front -- Southern Italy. Includes photographs: Kiska, Sicily. Back: Weapons of the German Infantry Division. 17 weapons are identified and described, including the size, maximum range, and number found in various German Army units. Each weapon is keyed by number to a battle illustration.
- Newsmap. Monday, June 8, 1942 : week of May 29 to June 5
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Cologne and Essen flattened -- Tiny subs find Sydney ready -- the Japanese "save face" -- Army of 4 1/2 million for '42 -- Mexico welcomed into war -- Rommel's forces turned -- Hitler's hangman dies -- Poison gas used in China -- Armies shift in Russia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Libyan battle, Dutch Harbor, Axis drives and British attacks at Libyan; Unalaska Is.; Unalaska Bay. Includes photographs: Producing the big seacoast rifles; Red gound defense on the Russian front; Nazis' Focke-Wulf 190 fighter; Yanks saw a motor show put on by Aussies; 4-motored Stirling bombers used over Cologne. Back: Enemy Tanks Are Vulnerable. Includes 10 photographs with descriptive text below each.
- Newsmap. Monday, April 12, 1943 : week of April 2 to April 9, 187th week of the war, 69th week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, Solomons, New Guinea, Aleutians, Bolivia, Tunisia, Air offensive. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Sicily and Tunis. Includes photographs: Malaria control, Super block-buster [8,000 lb. aerial bomb], Change of ownership [captured Mercedes Benz troop-carrier], Bren-gun carriers support British Grenadiers in Kasserine Pass, Italian troops in the African war zone. Back: The Marine Corps. A unified fighting force. Graphic image shows helmeted Marine soldiers with rifles attacking a tropical island with ships and transport boats in background, as well as various photos of parachutes, bombardments, etc.
- Newsmap. Monday, January 11, 1943 : week of January 1 to January 8
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Rabaul, Solomons, Pacific, Wake, New Guinea, Burma, North Africa, Russia, Aleutians. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Tunisia; USSR. Photographs: Japanese Bull's eye [a Nip carrier making a perfect circle trying to escape in the Battle of Midway]; "Kamerad" in Tunisia; Waiting for actions on a U.S. carrier; "General winter". Back: "Learn to Recognize These Vehicles" poster gives identifying features and illustrations of various heavy tanks and self-propelled artillery.
- Newsmap. Monday, March 1, 1943 : week of February 19 to February 26, 181st week of the war, 63rd week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: North Africa, Russia, Burma-China, New Guinea, Solomons, Aleutians, Sinkings (sea losses). Large world map is keyed to text. Includes table: Great Circle Distances in Statute Miles. Inset map shows Tunisia. Includes photos: Nazi Panzers in Bizerte, Air base at Dakar, Hold on Kharkov, Hunting enemy submarines. Back: Poster provides recognition cues and front and profile drawings of Allied and Axis heavy, medium, and light armored cars. Includes range scale.
- Newsmap. Monday, February 15, 1943 : week of February 5 to February 12
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Command, Solomons, North Africa, New Guinea, Russia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps of Guadalcanal; Russian front. Photographs: Heads down [under the barbed wire]; Jap navel gun; Near the end [fighting in Papua]; North Africa; Poles in Iraq; Vital supply: water for the Eighth Army; German mortar. Back: Poster illustrates uniforms and insignia of the German Army.