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The role of the US Department of Energy in indoor air quality and building ventilation policy development

Description: Building ventilation consumes about 5.8 exajoules of energy each year in the US The annual cost of this energy, used for commercial building fans (1.6 exajoules) and the heating and cooling of outside air (4.2 exajoules), is about $US 33 billion per year. Energy conservation measures that reduce heating and cooling season ventilation rates 15 to 35% in commercial and residential buildings can result in a national savings of about 0.6 to 1.5 exajoules ($US 3-8 billion) per year assuming no reduc… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Traynor, G. W.; Talbott, J. M. & Moses, D. O.
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open access

Rotary bayonets for cryogenic and vacuum service

Description: Rotary bayonets were designed, tested, and installed for liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, and vacuum service. This paper will present the design, testing, and service record for two sizes of vacuum jacketed cryogenic rotary bayonets and two sizes of vacuum service rotary bayonets. Materials used in construction provide electrical isolation across the bayonet joint. The joint permits 360 degrees of rotation between the male and female pipe sections while maintaining integrity of service. Assemblie… more
Date: July 1993
Creator: Rucinski, R. A.; Dixon, K. D.; Krasa, R.; Krempetz, K. J.; Mulholland, G. T.; Trotter, G. R. et al.
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Safety Analysis Report Upgrade Program at the Plutonium Facility, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Description: Plutonium research and development activities have resided at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) since 1943. The function of the Plutonium Facility (PF-4) has been to perform basic special nuclear materials research and development and to support national defense and energy programs. The original Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for PF-4 was approved by DOE in 1978. This FSAR analyzed design-basis and bounding accidents. In 1986, DOE/AL published DOE/AL Order 5481.1B, ``Safety Analysi… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Pan, Paul Y.
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open access

Safety study application guide. Safety Analysis Report Update Program

Description: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., (Energy Systems) is committed to performing and documenting safety analyses for facilities it manages for the Department of Energy (DOE). Included are analyses of existing facilities done under the aegis of the Safety Analysis Report Upgrade Program, and analyses of new and modified facilities. A graded approach is used wherein the level of analysis and documentation for each facility is commensurate with the magnitude of the hazard(s), the complexity of th… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Sample Vial Secure Container

Description: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors must maintain continuity of knowledge on all safeguard samples and, in particular, on those samples drawn from plutonium product and spent fuel input tanks at a nuclear reprocessing plant`s blister sampling station. Integrity of safeguard samples must be guaranteed from the sampling point to the moment of sample analysis at an accepted local laboratory or at the IAEA`s Safeguards Analytical Laboratory (SAL) in Seibersdorf, Austria. The safegu… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Baumann, M. J.
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Scaling of Silent Electrical Discharge Reactors for Hazardous Organics Destruction

Description: Silent electrical discharges are used to produce highly reactive free radicals that destroy hazardous compounds entrained in gaseous effluents at ambient gas temperatures and pressures. We have carried out destruction experiments at Los Alamos on a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including trichloroethylene (TCE), carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene (PCE), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). We have measured a ``nine-factor``, the amount of energy required to reduce the VOC concentr… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Coogan, J. J.; Rosocha, L. A.; Brower, M. J.; Kang, M. & Schmidt, C. A.
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open access

Scanning tunneling microscopy of Si donors in GaAs

Description: Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we have identified and characterized Si donors (Si{sub Ga}) in GaAs located on the (110) surface and in subsurface layers. Si{sub Ga} on the surface shows localized features with characteristic structures in good agreement with a recent theoretical calculation. Si{sub Ga} in subsurface layers appears as delocalized protrusions superimposed on the background lattice, which are interpreted in terms of the modification of the tunneling due to the tip-induced ba… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Zheng, J.F.; Weber, E.R.; Liu, X.; Newman, N.; Ogletree, D.F. & Salmeron, M.B.
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open access

Seasonal variability of wind electric potential in the United States

Description: Seasonal wind electric potential has been estimated for the contiguous United States based on the methods previously used to estimate the annual average wind electric potential. National maps show estimates of the seasonal wind electric potential averaged over the state as a whole, and gridded maps show the distribution of the seasonal wind electric potential within a state. The seasons of winter and spring have highest wind electric potential for most windy areas in the United States. Summer i… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Schwartz, M. N.; Elliott, D. L. & Gower, G. L.
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open access

Secure authenticated video equipment

Description: In the verification technology arena, there is a pressing need for surveillance and monitoring equipment that produces authentic, verifiable records of observed activities. Such a record provides the inspecting party with confidence that observed activities occurred as recorded, without undetected tampering or spoofing having taken place. The secure authenticated video equipment (SAVE) system provides an authenticated series of video images of an observed activity. Being self-contained and port… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Doren, N. E.
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open access

Self triggered single pulse beam position monitor

Description: A self triggered beam position monitor (BPM) has been developed for the NSLS injection system to provide single pulse orbit measurements in the booster synchrotron, linac, and transport lines. The BPM integrates the negative going portion of 3 nS wide bipolar pickup electrode signals. The gated, self triggering feature confines critical timing components to the front end, relaxing external timing specifications. The system features a low noise high speed FET sampler, a fiber optic gate for bunc… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Rothman, J. L. & Blum, E. B.
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open access

Semi-annual report of the Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Quality Assessment Program

Description: This Quality Assessment Program (QAP) is designed to test the quality of the environmental measurements being reported to the Department of Energy by its contractors. Since 1976, real or synthetic environmental samples that have been prepared and thoroughly analyzed at the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) have been distributed at first quarterly and then semi-annually to these contractors. Their results, which are returned to EML within 90 days, are compiled with EML`s results and ar… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Sanderson, C. G. & Klusek, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Sensitivity analysis and benchmarking of the BLT low-level waste source term code

Description: To evaluate the source term for low-level waste disposal, a comprehensive model had been developed and incorporated into a computer code, called BLT (Breach-Leach-Transport) Since the release of the original version, many new features and improvements had also been added to the Leach model of the code. This report consists of two different studies based on the new version of the BLT code: (1) a series of verification/sensitivity tests; and (2) benchmarking of the BLT code using field data. Base… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Suen, C. J. & Sullivan, T. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Shear Wave Measurements in Shock-Induced, High-Pressure Phases

Description: Structural phase transformations under shock loading are of considerable interest for understanding the response of solids under nonhydrostatic stresses and at high strain-rates. Examining shock-induced transformations from continuum level measurements is fundamentally constrained by the inability to directly identify microscopic processes, and also by the limited number of material properties that can be directly measured. ne latter limitation can be reduced by measuring both shear and compres… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Aidun, John B.
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Shock compression of low-density foams

Description: Shock compression of very low density micro-cellular materials allows entirely new regimes of hot fluid states to be investigated experimentally. Using a two-stage light-gas gun to generate strong shocks, temperatures of several eV are readily achieved at densities of roughly 0.5--1 g/cm{sup 3} in large, uniform volumes. The conditions in these hot, expanded fluids are readily found using the Hugoniot jump conditions. We will briefly describe the basic methodology for sample preparation and exp… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Holmes, N. C.
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open access

Shock compression properties of silicon carbide

Description: An investigation of the shock compression and release properties of silicon carbide ceramic has been performed. A series of planar impact experiments has been completed in which stationary target discs of ceramic were struck by plates of either similar ceramic or other appropriate material at velocities up to 2.2 km/s with a propellant gun facility. The particle velocity history at the interface between the back of the target ceramic and a lithium-fluoride window material was measured with lase… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Grady, D. E. & Kipp, M. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

The shock Hugoniot of 316 ss and sound velocity measurements

Description: Type 316 stainless steel has been characterized for its high-pressure, shock-wave response. Measurements have been made of shock-wave and particle velocity, and of sound velocity. Our preliminary results for shock and particle velocity have been combined with previously unpublished results, and an overall fit made. Sound velocity results show a discontinuity that is attributed to shock-induced melting.
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Hixson, R. S.; McQueen, R. G. & Fritz, J. N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Shock-induced turbulent flow in baffle systems

Description: Experiments are described on shock propagation through 2-D aligned and staggered baffle systems. Flow visualization was provided by shadow and schlieren photography, recorded by the Cranz-Schardin camera. Also single-frame, infinite-fringe, color interferograms were used. Intuition suggests that this is a rather simple 2-D shock diffraction problem. However, flow visualization reveals that the flow rapidly evolved into a complex 3-D turbulent mixing problem. Mushroom-shaped mixing regions block… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Kuhl, A. L. & Reichenbach, H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Shock temperature measurements of iron to 350 GPa

Description: Shock temperatures of iron have been measured to 350 GPa, using high quality well-characterized iron films deposited on diamond substrates. The authors have found an inflection in the (P,T)- iron Hugoniot between 250 GPa and 300 GPa, indicating iron melting at 6,350 K and 6,720 K, respectively. An extrapolation yields the iron melting temperature of 6,870 ({+-}500) K at 330 GPa, the pressure of the Earth inner core-outer core boundary. In this paper, they present this new iron melting data toge… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Yoo, C. S.; Holmes, N. C.; Ross, M. & See, E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

The significance of interaction potentials of water with other molecules in the EOS of high explosives products

Description: The chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of detonated explosive mixtures at high temperature (T) and pressure (P) depend critically on all interactions between the major products. Improvements in the homomolecular interaction of nitrogen, carbon-dioxide, and condensed carbon have had significant effects on detonation properties of LX-14 (an HMX formulation). Extensive work on O, N, and C products also showed the importance of including high temperature unstable species in determini… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: van Thiel, M.; Ree, F. H. & Haselman, L. C. Jr.
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Silicon MCM substrates for integration of III-V photonic devices and CMOS IC`s

Description: The progress made in advanced packaging development at Sandia National Laboratories for integration of III-V photonic devices and CMOS IC`s on Silicon MCM substrates for planar aid stacked applications will be reported. Studies to characterize precision alignment techniques using solder attach materials compatible with both silicon IC`s and III-V devices will be discussed. Examples of the use of back-side alignment and IR through-wafer inspection will be shown along with the extra processing st… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Seigal, P.; Carson, R.; Flores, R. & Rose, B.
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open access

A simple description of flow instability with application to a packed bed

Description: A simplified explanation for gas flow instability in parallel heated channels is presented with specific applications to channels containing packed beds of power-producing particles. The explanation captures the basic governing physics of the viscosity-driven instability and hopefully removes some of the misconceptions surrounding this issue. Simple illustrative calculations, steady-state and transient, using the SAFSIM computer program are included in the explanation. The explanation points ou… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Dobranich, D.
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Simulation of emittance dilution in electron storage ring from Compton backscattering

Description: A Monte-Carlo simulation of Compton backscattered {kappa}{sub L}=3.2-{mu}m photons from an IR-FEL on 75-MeV electrons in a storage ring yields an RMS electron energy spread of {Delta}{sub E}=11.9-keV for a sample of 10{sup 7} single scattering events. Electrons are sampled from a beam of natural energy spread {sigma}{sub E} = 5.6-keV and damped transverse angle spreads {sigma}{sub x}{prime}, = .041-mrad and {sigma}{sub y}{prime} = .052-mrad (100%) coupling, scaled from the 200-MeV BNL XLS compa… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Blumberg, L. N. & Blum, E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
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