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Promouvoir Une Energie Durable Pour Tous (French Fact Sheet)
The Clean Energy Solutions Center, an initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial and UN-Energy, helps governments design and adopt policies and programs that support the deployment of transformational low-carbon technologies. The Solutions Center serves as a first-stop clearinghouse of clean energy policy reports, data, and tools and provides expert assistance and peer-to-peer learning forums. This factsheet highlights key Solutions Center offerings, including 'ask an expert' assistance on clean energy policy matters, training and peer learning, and technical resources for policy makers worldwide.
Measurement of Cross Section of Quark Pair Production Top With the d0 Experiment at the Tevatron and Determination the Top Quark Mass Using This Measure
The top quark has been discovered by CDF and D0 experiments in 1995 at the proton-antiproton collider Tevatron. The amount of data recorded by both experiments makes it possible to accurately study the properties of this quark: its mass is now known to better than 1% accuracy. This thesis describes the measurement of the top pair cross section in the electron muon channel with 4, 3 fb<sup> -1</sup> recorded data between 2006 and 2009 by the D0 experiment. Since the final state included a muon, improvements of some aspects of its identification have been performed : a study of the contamination of the cosmic muons and a study of the quality of the muon tracks. The cross section measurement is in good agreement with the theoretical calculations and the other experimental measurements. This measurement has been used to extract a value for the top quark mass. This method allows for the extraction of a better defined top mass than direct measurements as it depends less on Monte Carlo simulations. The uncertainty on this extracted mass, dominated by the experimental one, is however larger than for direct measurements. In order to decrease this uncertainty, the ratio of the Z boson and the top pair production cross sections has been studied to look for some possible theoretical correlations. At the Tevatron, the two cross sections are not theoretically correlated: no decrease of the uncertainty on the extracted top mass is therefore possible.
Mesure DE La Section Efficace DE Production DE Paires DE Quarks Top Dans L'Etat Final DI-Electron Avec Les Donnees Collectees Par L'Experience d0 AU Runiia
The top quark has been discovered in 1995 by CDF and D0 collaborations in proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron. The amount of data recorded by both experiments makes it possible to accurately measure the properties of this very massive quark. This thesis is devoted to the measurement of the top pair production cross-section via the strong interaction, in a final state composed of two electrons, two particle jets and missing transverse energy. It is based on a 1 fb{sup -1} data set collected by the D0 experiment between 2002 and 2006. The reconstruction and identification of electrons and jets is of major importance in this analysis, and have been studied in events where a Z boson is produced together with one or more jets. The Z+jets process is indeed the dominant physics background to top pair production in the dielectron final state. The primary goal of this cross-section measurement is to verify Standard Model predictions. In this document, this result is also interpreted to indirectly extract the top quark mass. Moreover, the cross-section measurement is sensitive to new physics such as the existence of a charged Higgs boson. The selection established for the cross-section analysis has been used to search for a H{sup +} boson lighter than the top quark, where the latter can decay into a W{sup +} or H{sup +} boson and a b quark. The model that has been studied makes the assumption that the H{sup +} boson can only decay into a tau lepton and a neutrino.
Study of correlations between photoproduced pairs of charmed particles at Experiment E831/FOCUS
The authors present the study of the charm-pair correlations produced in photon-nucleon interactions at &lt;E{sub {gamma}}&gt; = 175 GeV/c, by the Fermilab fixed target experiment E831/FOCUS. The E831/FOCUS experiment produced and reconstructed over one million charm particles. This high statistics allows the reconstruction of more than 7000 charm-pair mesons D{bar D}, 10 times the statistic of former experiments, and also allows to get, for the first time, about 600 totally reconstructed charm-pairs in the DD{sub s} and D{Lambda}{sub c} channels. They were able to study, with some detail, the kinematical correlations between the charm and anticharm particle forming a pair, in the square transverse momentum (p{sub T}{sup 2}), azimuthal angle difference ({Delta}{phi}), rapidity difference ({Delta}y) and the charm-pair mass variables. They observe some correlation for the longitudinal momenta, and a significant correlation for the transverse momenta of the charm and anticharm particles. They compare the experimental distributions with theoretical predictions based on the photon-gluon fusion model (PGF), for the production of c{bar c} quarks, and the standard Lund hadronization model. These models are implemented by the PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generator. The PYTHIA program allows the inclusion, in the simulation, of non-perturbative effects that have been shown to be important for charm production. In order to compare data and simulation, they have generated two Monte Carlo samples, the first one set to favor the production of D{bar D} pairs (MCDD2), and the second one set to favor the production of DD{sub s} and D{Lambda}{sub c} pairs, where each one uses different functions and parameters values for the theoretical models in the simulation. They observe, for the correlation distributions, that the set of parameters used by the MCDD2 model together with the intrinsic transverse momentum (k{sub {perpendicular}}) of the partons inside the nucleons, has a better agreement with data distributions than …
Mesure de l'angle Gamma du triangle d'unitarit_ de la matrice CKM dansles d_sint_grations B to D*K aupr_s de l'exp_rience BaBaR
No Description Available.
Mesure DU Rapport D'Embranchement ET DU Facteur Deforme DE La D_Sint_Gration b0 to Pilnu, ET D_Termination DE |Vub| Avec Unetechnique DE Reconstruction Rel_Ch_E DU Neutrinoac
The authors report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay, B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup -}{ell}{sup +}{nu}, undertaken with approximately 227 million B{bar B} pairs collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with an innovative loose neutrino reconstruction technique. They obtain partial branching fractions in 12 bins of q{sup 2}, the momentum transfer squared, from which they extract the f{sub +}(q{sup 2}) form-factor shape and the total branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup -}{ell}{sup +}{nu}) = (1.46 {+-} 0.07{sub stat} {+-} 0.08{sub syst}) x 10{sup -4}. Based on a recent unquenched lattice QCD calculation of the form factor in the range q{sup 2} &gt; 16 GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 4}, they find the magnitude of the CKM matrix element |V{sub ub}| to be (4.1 {+-} 0.2{sub stat} {+-} 0.2{sub syst{sub -0.4}{sup +0.6}FF}) x 10{sup -3}, where the last uncertainty is due to the normalization of the form factor.
Measurement of the Production Cross Section of Top Quark Pairs in the Lepton + Jets Channel at d0 and Atlas and Interpretation in Terms of Charged Higgs Boson at Atlas
No Description Available.
Study of CP Symmetry Violation in the Charmonium-K*(892) Channel By a Complete Time Dependent Angular Analysis (BaBar Experiment)
This thesis presents the full-angular time-dependent analysis of the vector-vector channel B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}(K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0})*{sup 0}. After a review of the CP violation in the B meson system, the phenomenology of the charmonium-K*(892) channels is exposed. The method for the measurement of the transversity amplitudes of the B {yields} J/{psi}K*(892), based on a pseudo-likelihood method, is then exposed. The results from a 81.9 fb{sup -1} of collected data by the BABAR detector at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance peak are |A{sub 0}|{sup 2} = 0.565 {+-} 0.011 {+-} 0.004, |A{sub {parallel}}|{sup 2} = 0.206 {+-} 0.016 {+-} 0.007, |A{sub {perpendicular}}|{sup 2} = 0.228 {+-} 0.016 {+-} 0.007, {delta}{sub {parallel}} = -2.766 {+-} 0.105 {+-} 0.040 and {delta}{sub {perpendicular}} = 2.935 {+-} 0.067 {+-} 0.040. Note that ({delta}{sub {parallel}}, {delta}{sub {perpendicular}}) {yields} (-{delta}{sub {parallel}}, {pi} - {delta}{sub {perpendicular}}) is also a solution. The strong phases {delta}{sub {parallel}} and {delta}{sub {perpendicular}} are at {approx}&gt; 3{sigma} from {+-}{pi}, signing the presence of final state interactions and the breakdown of the factorization hypothesis. The forward-backward analysis of the K{pi} mass spectrum revealed the presence of a coherent S-wave interfering with the K*(892). It is the first evidence of this wave in the K{pi} system coming from a B meson. The particularity of the B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}(K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0})*{sup 0} channel is to have a time-dependent but also an angular distribution which allows to measure sin 2{beta} but also cos2{beta}. The results from an unbinned maximum likelihood fit are sin 2{beta} = -0.10 {+-} 0.57 {+-} 0.14 and cos 2{beta} = 3.32{sub -0.96}{sup +0.76} {+-} 0.27 with the transversity amplitudes fixed to the values given above. The other solution for the strong phases flips the sign of cos 2{beta}. Theoretical considerations based on the s-quark helicity conservation favor the choice …
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section at D0 Run II
No Description Available.
International Journal of Government Auditing, July 2000, Vol. 27, No. 3 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) the Food and Agriculture Organization's audit, management, and governance; (2) fighting corruption and fraud; (3) INTOSAI's conference on internal controls; (4) Romania's Court of Audit; (5) reports in print on auditing; and (6) activities inside INTOSAI."
International Journal of Government Auditing, April 2000, Vol. 27, No. 2 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This French-language edition of the Journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles concerning (1) auditing in the South Pacific, (2) new training infrastructure in the Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, (3) national responsibilities and and international activities of selected Supreme Audit Institutions, (4) the office of the Auditor General of Mexico, (5) reports in print, and (6) activities within INTOSAI."
International Journal of Government Auditing, January 2000, Vol. 27, No. 1 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This is the French-language edition of the journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) issues concerning auditing in the new century as discussed at the 17th Commonwealth Auditors-General Conference held in Sun City, South Africa in October 1999; (2) efforts to encourage public health services, public works, and technical assistance at the Organization of African Supreme Audit Institutions' 8th General Assembly held in Burkina Faso in October 1999; (3) discussions held by the Organization of Latin American and Caribbean Supreme Audit Institutions' 9th General Assembly in Paraguay; (4) an audit profile on Sierra Leone; and (5) activities within INTOSAI."
International Journal of Government Auditing, July 1999, Vol. 26, No. 3 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This French-language edition of the journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) the European Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions' examination of issues related to the independence of national audit offices; (2) the Dutch government's search for a new form of accountability; (3) the preparedness of Zimbabwe's government for the fiscal year 2000; (4) audit profiles of St. Kitts and Nevis; (5) reports in print on auditing; and (6) activities inside INTOSAI."
International Journal of Government Auditing, April 1, 1999, Vol. 26, No. 2 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This French-language edition of the journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) changes in international auditing personnel; (2) audit planning; (3) implementing guidelines for INTOSAI auditing standards; (4) recognizing fraud indicators; (5) the Royal Audit Authority of Bhutan; (6) reports in print on auditing; and (7) activities inside INTOSAI."
International Journal of Government Auditing, January 1999, Vol. 26, No. 1 (French Version)
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This French-language edition of the journal of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) includes articles regarding: (1) the XVI International Congress of Supreme Audit Institutions in Montevideo from November 7-14, 1998; (2) supreme audit institutions and the prevention and detection of fraud and corruption; (3) improving public governance through the work of supreme audit institutions and INTOSAI's standing committees and working groups; (4) a meeting of seven regional working groups and their report to Congress; (5) the INTOSAI Development Initiative and the transition of the Secretariat to Norway; and (6) activities within INTOSAI."
Comparison of Effectiveness of Sub-Slab Ventilation Systems for Indoor Radon Mitigation: A Numerical Study; Comparaison a L`Aide D`Un Outil Numerique DE L`Efficacite Des Systemes DE Ventilation Active DU SOL Limitant La Penetration DU Radon Dans L`Habitat
The functioning of an active sub-slab ventilation system (SVS) has been studied successfully with the help of a previously evaluated numerical model. The parameters explored are the permeability of the sub-slab and the gravel placed beneath it, the amplitude of applied pressure at the installation point of the system and the functioning method: depressurization or pressurization. The mechanisms contributing to the success of the two systems are identified. This numerical study shows that the presence of a layer of gravel beneath the sub-slab considerably improves the performance of the SVS. Considered separately from the extremely permeable sub-slabs, the depressurization systems perform better than the pressurization systems. 17 refs. [Francais] Le fonctionnement des Systemes de Ventilation active du Sol (SVS) a ete etudie a l`aide d`un outil numerique precedemment evalue avec succes. Les parametres explores sont les permeabilites du sol et du gravier place sous plancher bas, l`amplitude de la pression appliquee au point d`installation du systeme, et le mode de fonctionnement: Depressurisation ou Pressurisation. Les mecanismes contribuant au succes des deux systemes sont identifies. Cette etude numerique montre que la presence d`une couche de gravier sous plancher bas ameliore de facon considerable les performances des SVS. Mis a part le cas des sols extremement permeables, les systemes de Depressurisation ont de meilleures performances que les systemes de Pressurisation. 17 refs.
Symposium on thermal and chemical problems of thermal waters
Fourteen papers were presented; each has been abstracted and indexed individually for ERA/EDB. (JGB)
L'Emprunt de la Libération.
A white-mustached man resembling Kaiser Wilhelm II, wearing a white helmet and cape, and holding a broken sword, kneels dejectedly with his head down. Above and behind him is held a large group of flags of the Allied states.
Et maintenant tressons des couronnes pour ceux que nous attendons et aussi pour ceux qui ne reviendront plus.
Drawing of two women, one dressed in the traditional shawl and bonnet of the Lorraine region of France, and the other dressed in Alsatian traditional dress and black headdress ("coiffe alsacienne"). They are holding red flowers and flower rings. A cathedral can be seen in the distant background. (Alsace-Lorraine was a part of France ceded to the German Empire in 1871. It was reverted to France at the end of the First World War.)
Marne, Yser, Somme, Verdun : l'aurore.
At right, a French soldier in uniform and helmet holds a French flag. To the left and slightly behind him are two women, one wearing a traditional dress and bonnet of the Lorraine region and the other wearing the traditional dress and headdress of Alsace. The woman from Lorraine brings the flag to her lips as if to kiss it. The top section of the poster contains a portion of the title printed in red, which is partly obscured by laurel branches and a portion of the flag from the lower section.
The Intentional Use of Antimony and Manganese in Ancient Glasses
Title and Abstract in English, French and German, while paper is in English. The use of manganese as a colorant in ancient glasses has long been recognized and the recent X-ray diffraction measurements of Turner and Rooksby have established that compounds of antimony were used extensively as opacifiers in such glasses. The analysis at Brookhaven National Laboratory of some three hundred ancient western glasses of the second millennium B.C. through the first millennium A.D., of which more than two hundred contained either or both of these elements in sufficiently great concentrations to indicate deliberate additions, not only has provided confirmation of these observation but also evidence that both of these elements were used extensively to counteract discoloration due to iron in glasses intended to be clear and colorless. As is well known in the case of manganese the different behavior of antimony in different glasses appears to depend upon its chemical valence. The technique of decolorizing glass by means of antimony was introduced at about the seventh century B.C. and the similar use of manganese became widespread during the first century A.D. In the following period through the fourth century the alternate or combined use of these decolorants forms an interesting and complex pattern correlating with chronological and geographic origins. After the fourth century the use of antimony as a decolorant essentially seems to have ceased.
4e Emprunt de la Défense Nationale : les souscriptions sont reçues sans frais à la Banque Privée ....
In the forefront is a drawing of a drummer boy marching with a look of surprise on his face. Hovering above and behind him is a female figure in a long dress. In the background are soldiers carrying tattered flags.
Comptoir National D'escompte de Paris : Emprunt National 1918 : pour hâter la Victoire, et pour nous revoir bientôt, souscrivez!
Color poster of two women smiling. The woman on the left is wearing a large black Alsatian headdress ("coiffe alsacienne"). She is raising one arm in the air as if to salute and has her other arm around the shoulder of the other woman. The woman on the right is holding flowers. She wears a white bonnet and a shawl, typical of the region of Lorraine. Both women wear blue-white-and-red rosettes on their headwear. A bird flies at the lower left side of the picture. (Alsace-Lorraine was a part of France ceded to the German Empire in 1871. It was reverted to France at the end of the First World War.)
Crédit Lyonnais : souscrivez au 4e Emprunt National.
Naked man wearing sword belt and helmet lunges to the right with sword extended against an eagle and pulling a French flag from its beak.
Emprunt de la Libération : on les a : souscrivez à la London County & Westminster Bank (Paris) Ltd.
Lithograph of 3 soldiers in battle. One is wearing a Scottish uniform with kilt. A tall soldier with a mustache wears a French uniform and holds his helmet in the air. Another in the background wears an olive/khaki uniform (British or U.S.) with helmet, and is pointing a rifle. An explosion can be seen in the background on the left.
Pour le retour, souscrivez : 4e Emprunt National, Crédit Foncier d'Algérie et de Tunisie, 43, rue Cambon, Paris.
Lithograph of a Mediterranean sea port. Numerous ships and boats are in the water. In the foreground are people standing along a sea wall, in traditional white Tunisian clothing, waving at a crowd of people on a large ship. In the background is a large city. Several airplanes are seen flying overhead.
Pour le triomphe, souscrivez à l'emprunt national : les souscriptions sont reçues à Paris et en province à la Banque Nationale de Crédit.
French soldiers of World War I march on the ground through the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. From the clouds, a crowd of soldiers from past wars descend to join them. The figure of Bellona (the Roman goddess of war) of the "Marseillaise" sculpture on the arch appears to urge the soldiers on to battle.
Pour que la France soit victorieuse! : souscrivez au 4ème Emprunt de la Défense Nationale, Crédit Français, 52_54, rue de Châteaudun, Paris.
Lithograph, of a black and white drawing of a cock and an eagle preparing to fight. The eagle wears a crown. The French cock appears to be standing over a miniature town. The imperial eagle is representative of the Central Powers and the Gallic cock is a symbol of France. The poster is bordered with a blue, white, and red stripe.
3e Emprunt de la Défense Nationale, Crédit Lyonnais : souscrivez.
A soldier holds a flag that says "LIBERTE" over a large globe as if to plant the flag on France. Red liquid drips from Europe and down the exterior of the globe to the ground.
3e Emprunt de la Défense Nationale : souscrivez : pour la France qui combat! Pour celle qui chaque jour grandit.
A bearded man in a blue coat and helmet holds a young child in his arms. In front of him, a mother is seated and breastfeeding an infant. The man and child are illustrated in color, while the image of the mother and infant is a black pencil drawing.
2me Emprunt de la Défense Nationale : en avant, armée de l'épargne, c'est pour la patrie.
A crowd of people hands money to a woman draped in a blue, white, and red French flag and wearing a helmet. The woman stands in front of a winged statue of liberty ("La Marseillaise"). The stairs around her are littered with bills, coins, and money bags. A small cherub figure in a helmet sits near the woman's feet.
Le Cardinal Mercier protège la Belgique.
Illustration of Cardinal Mercier in a gold cape and mitre (headdress). He holds a staff in his left hand. A fallen man is slumped over at his feet and there is a crowd of people behind him, most of whom appear to be women. The Cardinal is depicted in color and the other people are depicted in black & white.
Souscrivez pour la victoire : Banque Nationale de Crédit.
A winged female figure holding the flag of France flies over a field of fallen German soldiers and canons. Riding on the clouds behind her are armies of soldiers, many of whom are holding flags of various countries.
Pour la France, versez votre or : l'or combat pour la victoire.
A frightened German soldier holding a rifle in both hands is forced down onto one knee by the weight of a giant French coin which has landed on his arm. On the coin is a bas-relief of a rooster which appears to be escaping the surface of the coin to attack the soldier. Imprinted on the coin is the text: "LIBERTE - EGALITE - FRATERNITE" and "1915".
A New Determination of the Ratio of the Electromagnetic to the Electrostatic Unit of Electricity [Part 1]
Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over new determinations made in regard to units of electricity. Methods and equipment used are discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs. Part 1 includes sections I through VI.
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