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(ACEEE summer study on energy efficiency in buildings)

Description: The ACEEE Summer Study is a biennial conference that aims to bring together the foremost researchers, practitioners and policy makers involved in research on energy efficiency in buildings. The 1990 Summer Study had the objective to facilitate the exchange of research and implementation results and encourage the advancement of knowledge in the field of energy efficiency in buildings. The research papers presented at the conference published and distributed. Two hundred seventy two papers were p… more
Date: January 1, 1990
open access

Actinide Speciation by Photothermal Spectroscopies: Instrumentation Development

Description: Photoacoustic spectroscopy using pulsed laser excitation is being developed by a number of research groups as one of the most promising methods or studying speciation of actinides in solution at environmentally relevant concentrations. We present details of a number of hardware and software techniques we have implemented to improve the sensitivity of the method. Our approach is based on more extensive waveform analysis. While most signal processing techniques extract the analytical signal from … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Berg, J. M.; Tait, C. D.; Morris, D. E. & Woodruff, W. H.
open access

[The Activation and Decomposition of Alkanes on Group Viii Transition Metal Surfaces: Dynamics, Kinetics and Spectroscopy]

Description: Significant progress has been achieved in a number of areas with the support of this Department of Energy grant which began on July 1, 1989. We have quantified experimentally the kinetics of the initial (low-coverage) alkane activation reaction, i.e., alkane {yields} alkyl + hydrogen adatom, for the following systems: (1) C{sub 2}H{sub 6} on Ir(110)-(1{times}2), and (2) CH{sub 4}, CD{sub 4}, C{sub 2}H{sub 6} and C{sub 2}D{sub 6} on Pt(110)-(1{times}2). In addition, we have employed dynamic Mont… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Weinberg, W. H.
open access

Activation of oncogenes by radon progeny and x-rays

Description: The overall goal of this proposal is to study the carcinogenic effect of both high and low LET radiation at the molecular level, utilizing techniques developed in molecular biology, cancer cell biology and radiation biology. The underlying assumption is that malignant transformation of normal cells is a multistep process requiring two or more molecular events in the genomic DNA. We hypothesize that radiation may induce such events in one or more steps of the multistep process. We will use in vi… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Ling, C. C.
open access

Activity composition relationships in silicate melts

Description: Equipment progress include furnace construction and electron microprobe installation. The following studies are underway: phase equilibria along basalt-rhyolite mixing line (olivine crystallization from natural silicic andensites, distribution of Fe and Mg between olivine and liquid, dist. of Ca and Na between plagioclase and liquid), enthalpy-composition relations in magmas (bulk heat capacity of alkali basalt), density model for magma ascent and contamination, thermobarometry in igneous syste… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Glazner, A. F.
open access

Adaptation of an Industrial Application for an Instructional Laboratory in Mechanical Vibrations

Description: Extensive theoretical treatment is given to damping as the process of energy dissipation during mechanical vibration. The challenge in the classroom is to adequately convey this concept and extend it by teaching students practical applications in engineering analysis and design. Students are motivated by real-world problems; applying these types of problems with strong instructional classroom content significantly enhances the learning environment. This paper proposes the adaptation of an actua… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Whiteman, W. E.
open access

Adaptation of Sw-846 Methodology for the Organic Analysis of Radioactive Mixed Wastes

Description: Modifications to SW-846 sample preparation methodology permit the organic analysis of radioactive mixed waste with minimum personal radiation exposure and equipment contamination. This paper describes modifications to SW-846 methods 5030 and 3510-3550 for sample preparation in radiation-zoned facilities (hood, glove box, and hot cell) and GC-MS analysis of the decontaminated organic extracts in a conventional laboratory for volatile and semivolatile organics by methods 8240 and 8270 (respective… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Griest, W. H.; Schenley, R. L.; Tomkins, B. A.; Caton, J. E. Jr.; Fleming, G. S.; Harmon, S. H. et al.
open access

Adaptive grids and implicit differencing applied to plasma simulation

Description: To understand the kinetic processes that determine energy confinement and impurity production in magnetic confinement experiments, we are developing methods to model kinetic effects on magnetohydrodynamic time scales in realistic geometries. We are using implicit methods and adaptive grids to achieve this goal. 9 refs., 2 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Brackbill, J.U.; Forslund, D.W. & Vu, Hoanh.
open access

Adducts in Sperm Protamine and DNA (Deoxyribonuclease) vs. Mutation Frequency

Description: In mammals, variability in the genetic sensitivity of different germ-cell stages to mutagens could be the result of how much chemical reaches the different stages, what molecular targets may be affected in the different stages and whether or not repair of lesions occurs. In the mouse, several mutagens have been found that cause their greatest genetic damage in late-spermatid and early-spermatozoa stages and that also bind very strongly to the protamine in these stages. Chemicals which are less … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Sega, G. A.
open access

Adhesion at ceramic interfaces

Description: Many of the properties associated with ceramic materials such as high hardness, high dielectric constant, refractoriness, and good optical properties will play a critical role in the development of devices for new and emerging technologies. In many cases, the combination of properties that is required demands that a composite material be designed to fulfill these complex materials needs. The increasing emphasis upon composite materials design and performance necessarily focuses greater attentio… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Michalske, T.A.; Houston, J.E. & Joyce, S.A.
open access

Adirondack Lakes Survey: An Interpretive Analysis of Fish Communities and Water Chemistry, 1984--1987

Description: The Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation (ALSC) was formed as a cooperative effort of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation to better characterize the chemical and biological status of Adirondack lakes. Between 1984 and 1987, the ALSC surveyed 1469 lakes within the Adirondack ecological zone. As a follow-up to the survey, the ALSC sponsored a series of interpretive analyses of the ALSC data base. The primary objectiv… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Baker, Joan P.; Gherini, S. A.; Munson, R. K.; Christensen, S. W.; Driscoll, C. T.; Gallagher, J. et al.
open access

Adsorption characteristics of PCBs to resins, whole cells, cell and tissue components, and biomolecules

Description: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been designated hazardous chemicals by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although PCBs and PCB-containing oils have not been in use since 1977, they persist in the environment. They are known to be absorbed by various aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals. The nature of these affinities is not known. In this study, the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) compared the adsorption phenomenon of PCBs on commercial resins, whole bacterial cells, cell a… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Kelley, R. L.; Conrad, J. & Akin, C.
open access

Advanced binary geothermal power plants: Limits of performance

Description: The Heat Cycle Research Program is currently investigating the potential improvements to power cycles utilizing moderate temperature geothermal resources to produce electrical power. Investigations have specifically examined Rankine cycle binary power systems. Binary Rankine cycles are more efficient than the flash steam cycles at moderate resource temperatures, achieving a higher net brine effectiveness. At resource conditions similar to those at the Heber binary plant, it has been shown that … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Bliem, C.J. & Mines, G.L.
open access

The Advanced Controls Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Description: The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), under sponsorship of the US Department of Energy (DOE), is conducting research that will lead to advanced, automated control of new liquid-metal-reactor (LMR) nuclear power plants. Although this program of research (entitled the Advanced Controls Program'') is focused on LMR technology, it will be capable of providing control design, test, and qualification capability for other advanced reactor designs (e.g., the advanced light water reactor (ALWR) and … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Knee, H.E. & White, J.D.
open access

Advanced human-system interface design review guidelines

Description: Advanced, computer-based, human-system interface designs are emerging in nuclear power plant (NPP) control rooms. These developments may have significant implications for plant safety in that they will greatly affect the ways in which operators interact with systems. At present, however, the only guidance available to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the review of control room-operator interfaces, NUREG-0700, was written prior to these technological changes and is thus not designe… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: O'Hara, J. M.
open access

Advanced infrared optically black baffle materials

Description: Infrared optically black baffle surfaces are an essential component of many advanced optical systems. All internal surfaces in advanced infrared optical sensors that require stray light management to achieve resolution are of primary concern in baffle design. Current industrial materials need improvements to meet advanced optical sensor systems requirements for optical, survivability, and endurability. Baffles are required to survive and operate in potentially severe environments. Robust diffus… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Seals, R.D.; Egert, C.M. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)) & Allred, D.D. (Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (USA). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy)
open access

Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor site selection criteria report

Description: General Electric (GE) initiated and developed the concept of the Power Reactor Innovative Small Module (PRSIM) liquid metal cooled reactor in the 1980s. The intent was to develop a low cost, demonstrably safe, reliable, electrical power generator. Some preliminary site assessments were performed in 1986 and 1987 for the prototype test, primarily looking at the economics of using existing facilities at various potential sites for performance of the safety tests on one reactor module. In 1989, th… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Sivill, R.L.
open access

The advanced neutron source

Description: The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) is a new user experimental facility planned to be operational at Oak Ridge in the late 1990's. The centerpiece of the ANS will be a steady-state research reactor of unprecedented thermal neutron flux ({phi}{sub th} {approx} 8 {times} 10{sup 19} m{sup {minus}2} {center dot}s{sup {minus}1}) accompanied by extensive and comprehensive equipment and facilities for neutron-based research.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Raman, S. & Hayter, J. B.
open access

The advanced neutron source reactor: An overview

Description: The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) will be a new user facility for all kinds of neutron research, including neutron scattering, materials testing, materials analysis, isotope production and nuclear physics experiments. The centerpiece of the facility is to be the world's highest flux beam reactor. There will be beams of hot, cold and thermal neutrons for more than 40 simultaneous scattering and nuclear physics experiments. In addition, there will be irradiation positions and rabbit tubes for in-… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: West, C.D.
open access

Advanced Neutron Source: The designer's perspective

Description: The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) is a research facility based on a 350 MW beam reactor, to be brought into service at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at the end of the century. The primary objective is to provide high-flux neutron beams and guides, with cold, thermal, hot, and ultra-cold neutrons, for research in many fields of science. Secondary objectives include isotopes production, materials irradiation and activation analysis. The design of the ANS is strongly influenced by the historic… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Peretz, F. J.
open access

Advanced Neutron Source: The users' perspective

Description: User experiments will cover fields such as activation analysis of pollutants, irradiation of materials for the fusion program, and neutron scattering studies of materials as diverse as viruses, aerospace composites, and superconductors. Production capabilities must also be provided for the production of isotopes, especially of transuranic elements. The different ways in which these research areas and their required infrastructure influence the design of the Advanced Neutron Source will be the s… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Peretz, F. J.
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