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Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs), H.R. 1318/H.R. 1886/H.R. 2410 and S. 496: Issues and Arguments

Description: This report discusses legislation related to the Pakistan Enduring Assistance and Cooperation Enhancement Act (H.R. 1886), the Afghanistan-Pakistan Security and Prosperity Enhancement Act (H.R. 1318), and the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011 (H.R. 2410). It also discusses the Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones Act (S. 496).
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Bolle, Mary Jane
open access

Business Investment and Employment Tax Incentives to Stimulate the Economy

Description: This report discusses the merit of various business tax incentives and their effectiveness in providing fiscal stimulus during the recession. The two most common measures to provide business tax incentives for new investment are investment tax credits and accelerated deductions for depreciation.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Hungerford, Thomas L. & Gravelle, Jane G.
open access

Charitable Contributions for Haiti's Earthquake Victims

Description: This report discusses the Haiti Assistance Income Tax Incentive Act (HAITI Act; H.R. 4462), a bill passed on January 20, 2010 to accelerate the income tax benefits for charitable cash contributions for the relief of earthquake victims.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
open access

China-North Korea Relations

Description: This report provides a brief survey of China-North Korea relations, assesses China's objectives and actions, and raises policy issues for the United States.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.; Manyin, Mark E. & Dumbaugh, Kerry
open access

Concurrent Receipt: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report addresses the two primary components of the concurrent receipt program: Combat-Related Special Compensation (CRSC) and Concurrent Retirement and Disability Payments (CRDP). It reviews the possible legislative expansion of the program to additional populations and provide several potential options for Congress to consider.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Henning, Charles A.
open access

CRS Issue Statement on Disaster Risk Financing

Description: This report contains a brief overview of the Congressional Research Service (CRS) issued statements on disaster risk financing.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: King, Rawle O.
open access

Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research

Description: This report discusses earthquake hazards and risk in the United States, federal programs that support earthquake monitoring, the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and issue notifications and warnings, and federally-supported research to improve the fundamental scientific understanding of earthquakes with a goal of reducing U.S. vulnerability.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Folger, Peter
open access

Intelligence Issues for Congress

Description: This report gives an overview of current intelligence issues of interest to the 112th Congress. It includes background and analysis including most recent development, ongoing Congressional concerns, specific issues for the 112th Congress, and a summary of related legislation from the 109th through the 112th Congresses.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
open access

The MS-13 and 18th Street Gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats?

Description: This report provides an overview of the MS-13 and M-18 gangs,5 examines how MS-13 and M-18 gangs are different from other gangs and organized crime groups, and discusses what constitutes a transnational gang. The report also explores whether MS-13 and M-18 gangs are transnational gangs, and discusses the various federal responses to these gangs.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Franco, Celinda
open access

North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy Analysis

Description: This report examines the economic side of U.S. leverage with North Korea and reviews U.S. policy and legislation. The security side of U.S.-DPRK relations is addressed in other CRS reports.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Nanto, Dick K. & Chanlett-Avery, Emma
open access

Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

Description: This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama, which has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The United States has close relations with Panama, stemming in large part from the extensive linkages developed when the canal was under U.S. control. This report describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Sullivan, Mark P.
open access

Project BioShield: Authorities, Appropriations, Acquisitions, and Issues for Congress

Description: This report discusses the Project BioShield Act (P.L. 108-276), In 2004, passed by Congress to encourage the private sector to develop medical countermeasures against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism agents and to provide a novel mechanism for federal acquisition of those newly developed countermeasures. This law provides three main authorities: (1) relaxing regulatory requirements for some CBRN terrorism-related spending, including hiring personnel and awarding … more
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Gottron, Frank
open access

Proposed Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Labor Issues

Description: This report examines three labor issues and arguments related to the pending U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement (CFTA; H.R. 5724 and S. 2830): violence against trade unionists; impunity (accountability for or punishment of the perpetrators); and worker rights protections for Colombians.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Bolle, Mary Jane
open access

Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America: An Overview and Selected Issues

Description: This report discusses the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), which was a trilateral initiative that was launched in March 2005 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to increase cooperation and information sharing for the purpose of increasing and enhancing security and prosperity in North America.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Villarreal, M. Angeles & Lake, Jennifer E.
open access

Terrorist Attacks on Commercial Airlines: Federal Criminal Prohibitions

Description: This report is a brief description of offenses with which terrorists may be charged, an outline of the penalties to which they may be subject, and of the jurisdictional circumstances under which offenses they may be federally prosecuted regardless of whether they are committed within the United States or overseas.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Doyle, Charles
open access

Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations

Description: This report looks at the relationship between the U.S. and Thailand. This includes recent rivalries between populist political forces, nepotism in government, and Thai relationships with neighboring countries.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma
open access

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy

Description: This report describes the open economy and society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well as U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology due to said open economy and the UAE's lax export controls. This report describes these issues in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement. It also provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, as well as the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the… more
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
open access

United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1989-2008

Description: This report shows, for the years 1989 through 2008, the assessment level, actual payment, and total outstanding contributions for the United States and each of the other U.N. members assessed at 1% or higher.
Date: January 22, 2010
Creator: Browne, Marjorie Ann & Blanchfield, Luisa
open access

Congressional Oversight: An Overview

Description: This report highlights several reasons for the expansion of the federal government; discuss a few definitions of oversight; spotlight three essential purposes of oversight; comment upon a few oversight laws and rules; review several important oversight techniques; and identify several incentives and disincentives to the conduct of congressional oversight. The report concludes with summary observations.
Date: February 22, 2010
Creator: Oleszek, Walter J.
open access

Costa Rica: Background and U.S. Relations

Description: This report examines recent political and economic developments in Costa Rica as well as issues in U.S.-Costa Rica relations.
Date: February 22, 2010
Creator: Meyer, Peter J.
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