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FHFA's Administrative Reform of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Housing Finance System
This report discusses housing finance reform and structural changes enacted by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), particularly in relation to government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). It includes sections on GSEs and conservatorship; FHFA reforms broken down into information about risk-sharing transactions, a common securitization platform, and single security; and Congressional action on GSE reform.
National Mortgage Servicing Standards: Legislation in the 112th Congress
This report analyzes the potential misaligned incentives in the servicer-mortgage holder relationship and the servicing standards that attempt to address each concern, the servicer-borrower relationship and the relevant servicing provisions, as well as the possible implications of reforming the servicing industry.
Reduce, Refinance, and Rent? The Economic Incentives, Risks, and Ramifications of Housing Market Policy Options
This report discusses the background of financial panic in September 2008, precipitated by the housing bubble of 2006. In particular, the report looks at options that the 112th Congress has regarding the housing market: (1) reducing mortgage principal for borrowers who owe more than their homes are worth, (2) refinancing mortgages for borrowers shut out of traditional financing methods, and (3) renting out foreclosed homes.
An Analysis of the Regulatory Burden on Small Banks
This report explains the concept of regulatory burden and the different ways it can be manifested. It analyzes whether small banks are relatively more burdened by regulation than big banks. To help answer that question, the report looks at the relative treatment of small and large banks in recent major regulatory proposals.
How Have Small Banks Been Affected by Financial Reform?
This report briefly summarizes a CRS analysis of major rules issued since 2010 by banking regulators pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act.
"Regulatory Relief" for Banking: Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress
This report discusses regulatory relief legislation for banks in the 114th Congress that has seen floor action or has been ordered to be reported by a committee. Many, but not all, of the bills would make changes to the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203), a wide-ranging financial reform enacted in response to the financial crisis.
"Regulatory Relief" for Banking: Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress
This report discusses regulatory relief legislation for banks in the 114th Congress that, at the time this report was published, has seen floor action or has been ordered to be reported by a committee. Many, but not all, of the bills would make changes to the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203), wide ranging financial reform enacted in response to the financial crisis.
Introduction to Financial Services: The Housing Finance System
This report "provides a summary of the U.S. single-family housing finance system and several related policy issues of importance to Congress" (page 1 of report).
An Overview of the Housing Finance System in the United States
This report provides an overview of how the housing finance system works and provides context for housing finance-related policy issues that Congress might choose to consider.
An Overview of the Housing Finance System in the United States
No Description Available.
Financial Regulatory Improvement Act Included in Senate Appropriations Bill
This report highlights some of the major policy proposals included in S. 1484, as reported by the Senate Banking Committee on June 2, 2015. The text of the bill was among the financial regulatory changes included in the FY2016 Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act (S. 1910). S. 1484 encompasses a broad package of reforms to the financial regulatory system, including some changes to the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203).
Senate Banking: Financial Regulatory Improvement Act
This report briefly highlights some of the major policy proposals included in a May 12, 2015 discussion draft released by Senator Richard Shelby that is scheduled for markup by the Senate Banking Committee. The draft encompasses a broad package of reforms to the financial regulatory system, including some changes to the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203).
"Regulatory Relief" for Banking: Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress
This report discusses regulatory relief legislation for banks in the 114th Congress that, at the time this report was published, has seen floor action or has been ordered to be reported by a committee.
Selected Legislative Proposals to Reform the Housing Finance System
This report briefly explains the different approaches to housing finance reform proposed by the three bills, focusing on efforts to replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and reform FHA.
Selected Legislative Proposals to Reform the Housing Finance System
The 113th Congress has seen several developments in the effort to reform the housing finance system. In the House, the Protecting American Taxpayers and Homeowners Act of 2013 (PATH Act; H.R. 2767) was ordered to be reported out of the House Financial Services Committee on July 24, 2013. This report will briefly explain the different approaches to housing finance reform offered by these legislative proposals, focusing on efforts to replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and reform FHA. The report does not describe every provision of the proposals but discusses major concepts and themes.
Selected Legislative Proposals to Reform the Housing Finance System
This report briefly explains the different approaches to housing finance reform offered by several legislative proposals, focusing on efforts to replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and to reform the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
Independence of Federal Financial Regulators
This report provides information on institutional features that make federal financial regulators independent from the government.
Congressional Proposals Dealing With National Emergency Strikes
This report describes how national emergency strikes have been dealt with under the Labor Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) and the Railway Labor Act. The report also describes bills being put into the House and the Senate that deal with strikes, and information about each.
Effects of Social Security Increases on Benefits From Other Programs
This report summarizes how certain cash and service benefit programs would be affected if Social Security cash benefits increased. Some of the programs mentioned include retirement programs, veteran benefits, food stamps, and housing programs.
Effects of Social Security Increases on Benefits from Other Programs
This report is on the effects that increases in social security would have on other federal government programs, including veteran's benefits, food stamps, medical programs, housing programs, and more.
The Proposed Allied Services Act: Summary and Arguments, Pro and Con
This report discusses the purpose of the bill which is to encourage and assist states and localities to develop, demonstrate and evaluate means of improving the utilization and effectiveness of human services through integrated planning, management, and delivery of those services in order to achieve the objectives of personal independence and individual and family economic self-sufficiency.
The Unborn Child As A 'Dependent Child' For Aid For Families With Dependent Children: The Status and Regulations And The Judicial Interpretations.
This report is about the The Unborn Child As A 'Dependent Child' For Aid For Families With Dependent Children: The Status and Regulations And The Judicial Interpretations.
Agencies Licensed for Inter-Country Adoption
This report provides a a listing of licensed foreign adoption assistance and liaison groups.
Federal Legislation, Federal Programs and NonGovernment Organizations Concerning the control and Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
This report addresses Federal Legislation, Federal Programs and Non-Government Organizations Concerning the control and Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Government Programs Assisting the Elderly
This report describes several different administrations, departments, programs, and services related to government programs providing assistance to the elderly.
HN 19 U.S.: Selected Federal Programs of Interest to Youth
This report is a list of federal programs created to assist the youth of America. This report also includes programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Office of Economic opportunity as potential financial resources for youth programs.
Major Legislation Affecting Older Americans from 1960 Through 1969
This report discusses major legislation affecting older Americans that was passed from 1960 to 1969.
The 100 Largest Industrial Corporations in the U.S. Ranked by Sales in 1972
This report was compiled to distribute for Congressional use concerning the top 50 companies in the United States at the time of writing and their economic information.
Japan-U.S. Economic Relations: Selected References
This report contains a list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.
Japan-U.S. Economic Relations: Selected References
This list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.
Japan-U.S. Trade and Economic Relations: Bibliography-In-Brief, 1990-1991
The following references to the current periodical literature are taken from CRS, public policy literature file (PPLT). Congressional users may request full text of items by phoning 707-5700. Others users should consult their local library.
Trade, Competitiveness, and International Economic Policy: A Bibliography of CRS Products
Trade-related issues promise to play a major role in legislative actions of the 103nd Congress. This bibliography lists the currently available products issued since 1991 by CRS researchers on trade-related topics, including U.S. trade policy, NAFTA and the Uruguay Round, industry and technology issues, foreign investment concerns, and relations with major trading partners.
How Medicare is Administered
This report describes the two types of medicare; one is hospital insurance and the other is Supplementary Medical insurance. It gives a detailed overview of both types, what type of services comes under each and how it is administered.
An Overview of Physician Payment Methods in the United States
This report discusses the process and various methods of paying doctors in the United States.
An Overview of the Medicare Program
This report is an outline of the Medicare program in the United States.
When Does Double Prosecution Count as Double Jeopardy?
This report discusses the Fifth Amendment's Double Jeopardy Clause; although the Clause provides that no person shall "be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb," the Supreme Court has made clear that that protection has its limits.
Copyright Exemptions for Distance Education: 17 U.S.C. § 110(2), the Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act of 2002
No Description Available.
Copyright Licensing in Music Distribution, Reproduction, and Public Performance
This report provides an overview of the complexities of the Copyright Act's provisions concerning music licensing in the digital age.
Copyright Protection of Digital Audio Radio Broadcasts: The “Audio Flag”
This report provides a brief explanation of the audio flag and its relationship to digital audio radio broadcasts, and summarizes legislative proposals considered by the 109th Congress, including H.R. 4861 (Audio Broadcast Flag License Act of 2006) and S. 2686 (Digital Content Protection Act of 2006), that would have authorized its adoption.
Copyright Protection of Digital Audio Radio Broadcasts: The “Audio Flag”
This report provides a brief explanation of the audio flag and its relationship to digital audio radio broadcasts, and summarizes legislative proposals considered by the 109th Congress, including H.R. 4861 (Audio Broadcast Flag License Act of 2006) and S. 2686 (Digital Content Protection Act of 2006), that would have authorized its adoption.
The House Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice
This report has four major purposes: to summarize the constitutional and statutory requirements governing apportionment; to explain how the current apportionment formula works in theory and in practice; to summarize recent challenges to it on grounds of unfairness; and to explain the reasoning underlying the choice of the equal proportions method over its chief alternative, major fractions.
The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula: An Analysis of Proposals for Change and Their Impact on States
This report examines the methods and formulas used to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives following a Census. Although modern Congresses have rarely considered the issue of the formula used in the calculations, this report describes apportionment options from which Congress could choose and the criteria that each method satisfies.
Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
No Description Available.
Constitutional Conventions: Political and Legal Questions
This report discusses the applications that have been passed by 32 of the necessary 34 State legislatures to convene a convention to propose an amendment prohibiting abortion. Because this process for amending the Constitution has never been used, several unresolved legal and policy questions arise governing the convening and the authority of such a convention.
Government Technology assessment: The role of the social sciences
This report is a panel- Round table at annual meeting of the american political science association.
Tear Gas for Riot Control
The purpose of this study is to present the technical aspects of the official use in civil disorders of chemical lacrimtor agents ("tear gas") as a deterrent system of intermediate force.
Resolutions Censuring the President: History and Context, 1st-114th Congresses
This report discusses times when Congress has issued or proposed censures of the President for his actions which though not laws show Congress's displeasure and reflect badly on the President.
Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2016 (74th-114th Congresses)
This report provides an overview of the "Lame Duck" sessions of Congress since 1935 and discusses how they occur, their purpose, and various characteristics and trends of the sessions.
Lame Duck Sessions of Congress Following a Majority-Changing Election: In Brief
This report describes "lame duck" sessions of Congress, which take place whenever one Congress meets after its successor is elected but before the term of the current Congress ends. It specifically provides additional information on the 1954, 1994, and 2010 lame duck sessions.
Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History
This report summarizes the procedures that may be used to consider resolutions of censure and the history of attempts to censure the President (1st-114th Congresses). It also provides citations to additional reading material on the subject.
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