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The A.B.C. "Robin" (British): A Single-Seat Cabin Monoplane
Report discussing the A.B.C. Motors Robin, a single-seat monoplane that was built for pilot comfort, speed, and fuel efficiency. Information about the structural design, dimensions, weight, performance, and rough blueprints is included.
Variation in the Number of Revolutions of Air Propellers
Note describing the variation in the number of revolutions per minute and provides simple formulas that allow for advanced calculation to be made of the variation of propeller speed with variation of one or more dimensions of the propeller and allow the necessary corrections to be applied.
Air forces on airfoils moving faster than sound
We are undertaking the task of computing the air forces on a slightly cambered airfoil in the absence of friction and with an infinite aspect ratio. We also assume in advance that the leading edge is very sharp and that its tangent lies in the direction of motion.
Drag measurements of two thin wing sections at different index values
It is stated that the index value 6000, as found in normal tests of wing sections with a 20 cm chord, falls in the same region where the transition of laminar to turbulent flow takes place on thin flat plates. It is to be expected that slightly cambered, thin wing sections will behave similarly. The following test of two such wing sections were made for the purpose of verifying this supposition.
Experiments on airfoils with trailing edge cut away
"Airfoils with their trailing edge cut away are often found on aircraft, as the fins on the hulls of flying boats and the central section of the wings for affording better visibility. It was therefore of some interest to discover the effect of such cutaways on the lift and drag and on the position of the center of pressure. For this purpose, systematic experiments were performed on two different airfoils, a symmetrical airfoil and an airfoil of medium thickness, with successive shortenings of their chords" (p. 1).
Recent experiments at the Gottingen Aerodynamic Institute
This report presents the results of various experiments carried out at the Gottingen Aerodynamic Institute. These include: experiments with Joukowski wing profiles; experiments on an airplane model with a built-in motor and functioning propeller; and the rotating cylinder (Magnus Effect).
Removing boundary layer by suction
"Through the utilization of the "Magnus effect" on the Flettner rotor ship, the attention of the public has been directed to the underlying physical principle. It has been found that the Prandtl boundary-layer theory furnishes a satisfactory explanation of the observed phenomena. The present article deals with the prevention of this separation or detachment of the flow by drawing the boundary layer into the inside of a body through a slot or slots in its surface" (p. 1).
Experiments With an Airfoil From Which the Boundary Layer Is Removed by Suction
"Our attempts to improve the properties of airfoils by removing the boundary layer by suction, go back to 1922. The object of the suction is chiefly to prevent the detachment of the boundary layer from the surface of the airfoil. At large angles of attack, such detachment prevents the attainment of the great lift promised by the theory, besides greatly increasing the drag, especially of thick airfoils. This report gives results of those experiments" (p. 1).
Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1923
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatalities in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1924
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatalities in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1925
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatalities in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1926
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatalities in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States, 1927
Report compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines including statistics on fatalities in coal mines located in the United States as well as data regarding the various operations (e.g., number of miners employed and average production). The information is organized into tables for comparison and the text draws some overall conclusions in the summary.
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1923
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1924
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1925
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1926
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Metal-Mine Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1927
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covering accidents that happened in metal mines located in the United States including statistics for injuries, fatalities, kinds and causes of accidents, and operational data, such as number of mine workers and shifts worked.
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1919
Technical paper issued by the Bureau of Mines over quarry accidents reported during the year of 1919. The results of the accident reports collected are presented and discussed. This paper includes tables.
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1923
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1924
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1925
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1926
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Quarry Accidents in the United States During the Calendar Year 1927
Report published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines which is a compilation of accidents in quarries located in the United States with data regarding the number and kinds of accidents as well as information about the mining operations (e.g., number of men employed, kinds of quarries, amount of work performed, etc.).
Accident-Severity Rates For Certain Metal Mines
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the severity of accidents in the metal-mine industry. 34 metal-mines documented the number and severity of all accidents over the course if one calendar year. This report includes tables.
Coal-Mine Fatalities in May, 1926
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the coal-mining related deaths in May, 1926. The 126 accidents are documented and categorized. The accidents are analyzed in order to prevent future accidents, and to implement safety procedures. This report includes tables.
Air Cooling: An Experimental Method of Evaluating the Cooling Effect of Air Streams on Air-Cooled Cylinders
In this report is described an experimental method which the writer has evolved for dealing with air-cooled engines, and some of the data obtained by its means. Methods of temperature measurement and cooling are provided.
Glues Used in Airplane Parts
This report was prepared for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and presents the results of investigations conducted by the Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Forest Service on the manufacture, preparation, application, testing and physical properties of the different types of glues used in wood airplane parts.
Combustion of Liquid Fuels in Diesel Engine
Hitherto, definite specifications have always been made for fuel oils and they have been classified as more or less good or non-utilizable. The present aim, however, is to build Diesel engines capable of using even the poorest liquid fuels and especially the waste products of the oil industry, without special chemical or physical preparation.
Underground Conditions in Oil Fields
From Introduction: "This paper aims to show the general method of procedure in studying underground conditions in producing oil fields and how such study may not only correct but even prevent great unnecessary losses. Throughout the paper reference is made to oil wells and oil fields, but to a certain degree many of the suggestions relating to oil wells are applicable in the care and protection of gas wells and in solving gas problems."
A Résumé of the Advances in Theoretical Aeronautics Made by Max M. Munk
"In order to apply profitably the mathematical methods of hydrodynamics to aeronautical problems, it is necessary to make simplifications in the physical conditions of the latter. In a valuable paper presented by Dr. Max M. Munk, of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, to the Delft Conference in April, 1924, these necessary simplifying assumptions are discussed in detail. It is the purpose of the present paper to present in as simple a manner as possible some of the interesting results obtained by Dr. Munk's methods" (p. 93).
Experiments on Autorotation
This article deals principally with Professor Bairstow's experiments on autorotation, in which the wing is free to rotate about an axis in its plane of symmetry, which axis is parallel with the direction of the wind.
The Stresses in Columns Under Combined Axial and Side Loads
The problem before us is to determine the total stresses in an axially loaded column of any degree of restraint which is also subject to transverse bending both from a uniformly distributed load and from concentrated loads. The solution of this problem is of special importance in the design of aircraft which consist of slender columns" (p. 1).
Mining of Thin Coal Beds in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over studies conducted on thin coal beds of the anthracite region in Pennsylvania. Results of the studies are presented and discussed. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
Some Principles Governing the Establishment of Meteorological Stations Along Air Routes
The organization of a meteorological service for an air route involves the solution of two distinct problems: distribution and grouping of meteorological stations and communications. Experience gained in the establishment of two lines, Paris-Warsaw and Constantinople-Bucharest enables us to establish certain principles, which may be of interest to note here.
Production and Briquetting of Carbonized Lignite
From Introduction: "The Bureau of Mines since its establishment has always taken an active interest in the utilization of lignite and in the development of the lignite deposits of the United States. Extensive lignite fields occur in the west central States, notably in North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Texas; there are smaller areas in several other Sates, some of which are widely separated."
Langley Field wind tunnel apparatus
From Summary: "The difficulties experienced in properly holding thin tipped or tapered airfoils while testing on an N.P.L. type aerodynamic balance even at low air speeds, and the impossibility of holding even solid metal models at the high speeds attainable at the National Advisory Committee's wind tunnel, necessitated the design of a balance which would hold model airfoils of any thickness and at speeds up to 150 m.p.h. In addition to mechanical strength and rigidity, it was highly desirable that the balance readings should require a minimum amount of correction and mathematical manipulation in order to obtain the lift and drag coefficients and the center of pressure. The balance described herein is similar to one in use at the University of Gottingen, the main difference lying in the addition of a device for reading the center of pressure directly, without the necessity of any correction whatsoever. Details of the design and operation of the device are given."
Langley Field wind tunnel apparatus
This report is broken up into two sections: one about the regulators for speed of wind tunnel drive motor and one about a vernier manometer with adjustable sensitivity.
Preliminary experiments to determine scale and slip-stream effects on a 1/24th size model of a JN4H biplane
This work was undertaken to obtain results on a small model of a complete airplane which might be used for comparison with corresponding tests made in full flight. Somewhat similar tests have been previously made at various other laboratories; but as certain discrepancies exist between corresponding tests in different tunnels, it has been deemed advisable to obtain a direct comparison for this particular installation. The present work covers tests on a one-twenty-fourth scale model at speeds varying from 6.7 m/sec. (15 m.p.h.) to 40.2 m/sec, (90 m.p.h.). A slip stream correction has been obtained by the use of a small belt-driven propeller mounted in front of the model, and force coefficients thus obtained are compared with the measurements of the same forces made in full flight on a geometrically similar airplane. This report gives lift, drag, and longitudinal moment values obtained in tests of a particularly accurate model over a wide range of speeds. A measure of the slip stream corrections on lift and drag forces was obtained by the use of a power-driven model propeller. Measurements were also made of forces and longitudinal moments for all angles from 0 degree to 360 degrees.
Variable Pitch Propellers
In this report are described four different types of propellers which appeared at widely separated dates, but which were exhibited together at the last Salon de l'Aeronautique. The four propellers are the Chaviere variable pitch propeller, the variable pitch propeller used on the Clement Bayard dirigible, the variable pitch propeller used on Italian dirigibles, and the Levasseur variable pitch propeller.
The resistance of spheres in wind tunnels and in air
From Summary: "A satisfactory confirmation of Reynolds law has been accomplished, the effect of means of support determined, the range of experiment greatly extended by work in the new variable density wind tunnel, and the effects of turbulence investigated by work in the tunnels and by towing and dropping tests in free air. It is concluded that the erratic nature of most of the previous work is due to support interference and differing turbulence conditions. While the question of support has been investigated thoroughly, a systematic and comprehensive study of the effects of scale and quality of turbulence will be necessary to complete the problem, as this phase was given only general treatment."
The Distribution of Lift Over Wing Tips and Ailerons
"This investigation was carried out in the 5-foot wind tunnel of the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory for the purpose of obtaining more complete information on the distribution of lift between the ends of wing spars, the stresses in ailerons, and the general subject of airflow near the tip of a wing. It includes one series of tests on four models without ailerons, having square, elliptical, and raked tips respectively, and a second series of positively and negatively raked wings with ailerons adjusted to different settings. The results show that negatively raked tips give a more uniform distribution of air pressure than any of the other three arrangements, because the tip vortex does not disturb the flow at the trailing edge" (p. 105).
Model Supports and Their Effects on the Results of Wind Tunnel Tests
"The airflow about a model while being tested is often sufficiently affected by the model support to lead to erroneous conclusions unless appropriate corrections are used. In this paper some new material on the subject is presented, together with a review of the airfoil support corrections used in several other laboratories" (p. 1).
The "Universal" Adjustable and Reversible Propeller Built by Paragon Engineers, Inc., Baltimore, MD
"A device which does for the aircraft what change speed gears do for the automobile is the invention of Spencer Heath. It comprises a system of special blades and a mechanism for varying the pitch of the blades from zero to 360 degrees, while in flight or otherwise. By adjusting the pitch, either before starting or while the engine is running, to a less than normal angle, the engine is allowed to pick up speed and deliver its maximum power which is necessary in taking-off with a heavier load than the same airplane could otherwise normally carry" (p. 1).
The "Universal Propeller": Built by Paragon Engineers, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
At the request of the N.A.C.A. the "Universal Propeller" was operated and explained by the inventor, Mr. Spencer Heath, for the purpose of demonstrating the following features of design: 1) Elimination of continuously running gears, collars or bearings in the pitch control mechanism; 2) The use of engine power in place of manual labor in changing blade angle; 3) The absence of any structural limitation to the range of blade angles available and the possibility of limiting the blade travel between any two predetermined extreme positions; 4) Continuous indication on the instrument board of the blade position; 5) Automatic throttling of the engine while the propeller is passing through the position of neutral pitch.
A Biological Survey of North Dakota
Summary of physiography and life zones and mammals of North Dakota.
Factors of Safety and Indexes of Static Tests
The physical resistance of passengers in establishing an upper limit to the strength of airplane cells is examined and arguments and experiments are discussed.
Evolution of the Helicopter
Report presenting an investigation of problems related to helicopters. Also included are the history of the evolution of the helicopter and a series of propeller experiments.
Atmospheric Waves and Their Utilization in Soaring Flight
In soaring flight, ascending air currents are utilized and the interesting question is raised whether there are such currents which extend to any considerable distance and which can be utilized practically.
Influence of Ribs on Strength of Spars
Note presenting an investigation to determine what effect joints connected with brackets, nails, and glue has on the strength of aircraft wing spars. Equations used to determine the results of loading tests are provided.
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