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Clearcutting in the National Forests

Description: Congressional interest in clearcutting has increased in the past few years. Several bills have been introduced in the current and preceding Congresses to ban the use of clearcutting and/or all even-aged management systems in the national forests. The issue, however, transcends the use of clearcutting and focuses on how to assure the choice of a silvicultural system and the implementation of the management practices that will achieve the stated goals for public land and resource management.
Date: July 29, 1992
Creator: Backiel, Adela & Gorte, Ross W.
open access

The Economics of Agricultural Policy

Description: An English Act of 1663 imposed a duty on grain imported from abroad whenever the domestic price was below a legislatively set price floor. The English farmer enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the domestic market. By the same token, he was allowed to export grain whenever the domestic price exceeded the price floor, and, after 1673, was granted a bounty (subsidy) on grain exports.
Date: February 20, 1992
Creator: Carr, A. Barry
open access

The Listing of a Species: Legal Definition and Biological Realities

Description: The 103d Congress will debate the reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) 2 which expired on October 1, 1992. The Act has recently generated controversy, even though it passed in 1973 with virtually no opposition. Much of the debate concerns specific actions that would jeopardize particular species or populations. However, the controversy has been fueled by the discrepancies between two sets of legal definitions and the subtle biological realities that they approximate
Date: December 15, 1992
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne
open access

Japan-U.S. Relations in a Post-Cold War Environment: Emerging Trends and Issues for U.S. Policy

Description: The prospects for Japan-U.S. relations in a rapidly changing minternational environment were explored in depth in a September 27, 1991, CRS seminar entitled "The Future of U.S.-Japan Relations: Global Partnership or Strategic, Rivalry?" A full transcript of the proceedings was published in February 1992 by the House Committee on Ways and Means as a Committee Print. This report summarizes the principal findings of that seminar.
Date: March 24, 1992
Creator: Cronin, Richard P.
open access

Basic Questions on U.S. Citizenship and Naturalization

Description: U.S. citizenship is conferred at birth under the principle of jus soli (nationality of place of birth) and the principle of jus sanguinis (nationality of parents). The U.S. Constitution states as a fundamental rule of jus soli citizenship that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." The exceptions to universal citizenship comprehended by the requirement that a person … more
Date: March 3, 1992
Creator: Eig, Larry M.
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Commercial Relations with Russia: Prospects for a Common United States-Japanese Policy

Description: Discussions in Japan in May 1992 related to potential agreements at the September 1992 Russian-Japanese summit were keyed to the central question, Will the barriers to significant commercial cooperation involving Russia, Japan and the United States in Russian Siberia be removed? [1] From these discussions among key Japanese industrialists, bankers, government officials and academics who influence policy, came a tentative "yes", if four conditions are met. A positive outcome would thus seem more… more
Date: July 30, 1992
Creator: Hardt, John P.
open access

The European Community - Japan Automobile Agreement

Description: The European Community (EC) and Japan reached an agreement on trade in automobiles in July 1991. The agreement restricts exports of automobiles from Japan to the EC to 1.23 million cars per year until the end of 1999. The Commission of the European Communities estimates that Japanese transplant production in the EC will amount to 1.2 million cars per year in 1999. The Japanese appear to concur with this estimate but do not agree that it constitutes a cap on transplant investment or production. … more
Date: January 27, 1992
Creator: Harrison, Glennon J.
open access

China/Asia Broadcasting: Proposals for New U.S. Surrogate Services

Description: Two groups -- the President's Task Force on U.S. International Broadcasting (December 1991) and the Commission on Broadcasting to the People's Republic of China (September 1992) -- have both recommended that the United States increase broadcasting to China and other Communist countries in Asia, although the panels split on significant points for implementing their recommendations
Date: October 1, 1992
Creator: Hennes, David A
open access

Japan-U.S. Economic Relations: Selected References

Description: This report contains a list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.
Date: August 1, 1992
Creator: Howe, Robert
open access

Japan-U.S. Economic Relations: Selected References

Description: This list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.
Date: August 1, 1992
Creator: Howe, Robert
open access

Byelarus (Formerly Byelorussia): Basic Facts

Description: This report is about the Republic of Byelarus, a nation that was a former U.S.S.R. member, that is small, ethnically diverse, and now facing the reality of full independence. Includes geographic and demographic information, information on political leaders and institutions, and foreign relations.
Date: June 4, 1992
Creator: Iris M. Whiting
open access

Deforestation: An Overview of Global Programs and Agreements

Description: In recent years, global environmental concerns have figured prominently on the American political agenda. In particular, tropical deforestation and its implications for global climate change and biological diversity loss have prompted public outcry. Concerns have since grown to include other forest types as well. The Congress has considered a variety of legislation to stem the tide of increasing deforestation and the United States has supported a number of bilateral and multilateral initiatives… more
Date: October 21, 1992
Creator: Lyke, Julie & Fletcher, Susan R.
open access

Japan's Science and Technology Strategies and Policies

Description: Japan,s rise as a leading economic power has been attributed to many factors. Increasingly, attention has focused on Japan,s ability to apply innovative technologies to develop new products. Technology development and applications are at the core of a system in which the government and the private sector facilitate industrial policies and practices. Japanese research and development efforts increasingly stress what one Japanese policymaker calls the "fusion" solution, or combining advances in d… more
Date: October 14, 1992
Creator: McLoughlin, Glenn J.
open access

H.R. 5100: Major Trade Legislation of the 102d Congress

Description: The 102d Congress considered H.R. 5100, the Trade Expansion Act of 1992, an omnibus trade bill covering a wide range of issues. The bill became the legislative vehicle for a variety of pending trade bills. H.R. 5100 was reported by the House Ways and Means Committee on June 23, 1992, taken up by the House on July 8,1992, amended, and passed. However, the bill received no action in the Senate. H.R. 5100 included provisions pertaining to market access for various U.S.
Date: September 8, 1992
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.; Bass, Gwenell L.; Cooper, William H. & Sek, Lenore
open access

Congress and Trade Policy Toward Japan

Description: Congressional policymaking with respect to trade with Japan is driven by strong domestic interests, appeals to broad political principles, and numerous horror stories. The $43 billion U.S. trade deficit with Japan continues to be a focus of attention, but the deficit is an issue because it reflects aggressive competition between Japanese companies and U.S. industries.
Date: April 15, 1992
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
open access

Japan and an East Asian Trading Bloc

Description: The 1990s are likely to be known as the decade of the trading blocs, although these neo-blocs differ considerably from those of the 1930s. Countries are linking to liberalize the flow of trade and investments across their borders without necessarily raising external barriers. The European Community and the European Free Trade Association are linking to create a European Economic Area, and the United States and Canada have joined in negotiations with Mexico to conclude a North America Free Trade… more
Date: February 6, 1992
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
open access

Japan-Taiwan Economic Relations: Implications for the U.S.

Description: Taiwan and Japan might seem to be two similar island economies when viewed from this side of the Pacific, but they are strikingly dissimilar. Over the twentieth century, their relationship with one another has shifted from colonial to mutual growth and recognition to the current anomaly of an intense economic interchange accompanied by severed diplomatic ties. Between Taiwan and Japan, the private sector is taking the lead in developing a relationship that is both mutually beneficial and s… more
Date: July 20, 1992
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
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