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Saline Water Conversion by Direct Freezing With Butane

Description: Report presenting a study of a plant to produce 10,000,000 gallons per day of fresh water from sea water. The process used is direct freezing brought about by the evaporation of a hydrocarbon refrigerant in contact with sea water, washing the ice free of saline liquor, and melting the ice to potable water by the condensation of butane vapor.
Date: 1960
Creator: Karnofsky, George & Steinhoff, Paul F.
open access

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Vertical Tube Evaporator Pilot Plant Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1969

Description: From Summary: "This report summarizes the down-flow heat transfer performance of enhanced surface tubes and operations at the four-effect Vertical Tube Evaporator Pilot Plant at the Office of Saline Water East Coast Test Station, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. The period from July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969 is covered in this report."
Date: August 1970
Creator: Stearns-Roger Corporation
open access

Research on Thermoelectric Heat Pumps

Description: From Results: "Prior to stating results achieved, let us first discuss the measurements we were able to make, and how these measurements might--or might not--be indicative of the objective we strove to reach. Tables I and II, and related Figs. 11 and 12, show the best results obtained. Final Columns of Tables I and II are believed to show, at least to a degree, how good or how poor our best sputtered films turned out to be, compared with top-quality Peliter semiconductor materials."
Date: November 1963
Creator: Cox, E. F.
open access

Absorption-Multistage Flash Distillation Process

Description: "The major factors which influence the cost of water production from sea water by distillation methods are (1) the cost of fuel or energy required by the distilling plant, and (2) the required capital investment. Preliminary studies on the application of absorption or solution cycles to distillation methods for saline water conversion indicated that the fuel cost or thermal economy of a distillation plant could be improved by combining the distillation process with an absorption or solution cyc… more
Date: September 1963
Creator: Fluor-Singmaster & Breyer, Inc.
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