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Some Recent Contributions to the Study of Transition and Turbulent Boundary Layers

Description: Report presenting a paper in two parts about transition and turbulent boundary layers. The first part reviews the current problem of the instability of laminar boundary layers. The second part reviews the current state of knowledge of the mechanics of turbulent boundary layers and of the methods now being used for fundamental studies of the turbulent fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers.
Date: April 1947
Creator: Dryden, Hugh L.
open access

Considerations of the Total Drag of Supersonic Airfoil Sections

Description: The results of calculations of the viscous and pressure drags of some two-dimensional supersonic airfoils at zero lift are presented. The results indicate that inclusion of viscous drag alters many previous results regarding the desirability of certain airfoil shapes for securing low drags at supersonic speeds. At certain Reynolds and Mach numbers, for instance, a circular-arc airfoil may theoretically have less drag than the previously advocated symmetrical wedge-shape profile; although under … more
Date: July 1947
Creator: Ivey, H. Reese & Klunker, E. Bernard
open access

Two-Dimensional Irrotational Transonic Flows of a Compressible Fluid

Description: The methods of NACA TN No. 995 have been slightly modified and extended in include flows with circulation by considering the alteration of the singularities of the incompressible solution due to the presence of the hypergeometric functions in the analytic continuation of the solution. It was found that for finite Mach numbers the only case in which the nature of the singularity can remain unchanged is for a ratio of specific heats equal to -1. From a study of two particular flows it seems that … more
Date: June 1948
Creator: Kuo, Yung-Huai
open access

Charts for the Computation of Equilibrium Composition of Chemical Reactions in the Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen-Nitrogen System at Temperatures From 2000° to 5000° Degrees K

Description: Charts are provided for the estimation and progressive adjustment of two independent variables on which the calculations are based. Additional charts are provided for the graphical calculation of the composition.
Date: July 1948
Creator: Huff, Vearl N. & Calvert, Clyde S.
open access

Comparison of Vee-Type and Conventional Tail Surfaces in Combination with Fuselage and Wing in the Variable-Density Tunnel

Description: "The pitching and the yawing moments of a vee-type and a conventional type of tail surface were measured. The tests were made in the presence of a fuselage and a wing-fuselage combination in such a way as to determine the moments contributed by the tail surfaces" (p. 1).
Date: July 1941
Creator: Greenberg, Harry
open access

The Calculation of Span Load Distributions of Swept-Back Wings

Description: "Span load distributions of swept-back wings have been calculated. The method used was to replace the wing with a bound vortex at the quarter-chord line and to calculate the downwash due to the system of bound and trailing vortices to conform at the three-quarter-chord line to the slope of the flat-plate wing surface. Results are given for constant-chord and 5:1 tapered plan forms, for sweep-back angles of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees, and for aspect ratios of 3, 6, and 9" (p. 1).
Date: December 1941
Creator: Mutterperl, William
open access

Methods of Analyzing Wind-Tunnel Data for Dynamic Flight Conditions

Description: "The effects of power on the stability and the control characteristics of an airplane are discussed and methods of analysis are given for evaluating certain dynamic characteristics of the airplane that are not directly discernible from wind-tunnel tests alone. Data are presented to show how the characteristics of a model tested in a wind tunnel are affected by power. The response of an airplane to a rolling and a yawing disturbance is discussed, particularly in regard to changes in wing dihedra… more
Date: October 1941
Creator: Donlan, C. J. & Recant, I. G.
open access

Aerodynamic heating and the deflection of drops by an obstacle in an air stream in relation to aircraft icing

Description: From Summary: "Two topics of interest to persons attempting to apply the heat method of preventing ice formation on aircraft are considered. Surfaces moving through air at high speed are shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to be subject to important aerodynamic heating effects that will materially reduce the heat required to prevent ice. Numerical calculations of the path of water drops in an air stream around a circular cylinder are given. From these calculations, information is obta… more
Date: October 1940
Creator: Kantrowitz, Arthur
open access

Effects of Some Present-Day Airplane Design Trends on Requirements for Lateral Stability

Description: Note presenting computations made to determine the effects of some airplane design trends on the fin area and the dihedral angle required for lateral stability. The specific factors studied were wing loading, moments of inertia in roll and yaw, wing chord, and tail length. The results of the computations are presented in the form of diagrams of variations of fin area with dihedral angle for neutral stability.
Date: June 1941
Creator: Bamber, Millard J.
open access

Spin Tests of Two Models of a Low-Wing Monoplane to Investigate Scale Effect in the Model Test Range

Description: Note presenting testing performed on scale models of a modern low-wing monoplane in the 15-foot free-spinning wind tunnel. Results are presented in the form of charts that afford a direct comparison between the spins of the two models for a number of different conditions. The results indicate that, within the range of Reynolds numbers used in the present investigation, such factors as difficulty of ballasting and testing are more important in determining proper model size than the changes in sc… more
Date: May 1941
Creator: Donlan, Charles J.
open access

Axial fatigue tests at zero mean stress of 24S-T and 75S-T aluminum-alloy strips with a central circular hole

Description: From Summary: "Axial fatigue tests at zero mean stress have been made on 0.032- and 0.064-inch 24S-T and 0.032-inch 75S-T sheet-metal specimens 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2 inches wide without a hole and with central holes giving a range of hole diameter D to specimen width W from 0.01 to 0.95. No systematic difference was noted between the results for the 0.032-inch and the 0.064-inch specimens although the latter seemed the more consistent. In general the fatigue strength based on the minimum section d… more
Date: August 1948
Creator: Brueggeman, W. C. & Mayer, M., Jr.
open access

Effects of Range of Stress and of Special Notches on Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloys Suitable for Airplane Propellers

Description: "Laboratory tests were made to obtain information on the load-resisting properties of X76S-T aluminum alloy when subjected to static, impact, and repeated loads. Results are presented from static-load test of unnotched specimens in tension and in torsion and of notched specimens in tension. Charpy impact values obtained from bend tests on notched specimens and tension impact values for both notched and unnotched specimens tested at several different temperatures are included" (p. 1).
Date: June 1942
Creator: Dolan, Thomas J.
open access

Flow over a slender body of revolution at supersonic velocities

Description: "The theory of small disturbances is applied to the calculation of the pressure distribution and drag of a closed body of revolution traveling at supersonic speeds. It is shown that toward the rear of the body the shape of the pressure distribution is similar to that for subsonic flow. For fineness ratios between 10 and 15 the theoretical wave drag is of the same order as probable values of the frictional drag" (p. 1).
Date: August 1946
Creator: Jones, Robert T. & Margolis, Kenneth
open access

Stresses in and general instability of monocoque cylinders with cutouts 2: calculation of the stresses in a cylinder with a symmetric cutout

Description: A numerical procedure is presented for the calculation of the stresses in a monocoque cylinder with a cutout. In the procedure the structure is broken up into a great many units; the forces in these units corresponding to specified distortions of the units are calculated; a set of linear equations is established expressing the equilibrium conditions of the units in the distorted state; and the simultaneous linear equations are solved. A fully worked out numerical example, corresponding to the a… more
Date: June 1946
Creator: Hoff, N. J.; Boley, Bruno A. & Klein, Bertram
open access

Bending With Large Deflection of a Clamped Rectangular Plate With Length-Width Ratio of 1.5 Under Normal Pressure

Description: "The Von Karman equations for a thin flat plate with large deflections are solved for the special case of a plate with clamped edges having a ratio of length to width of 1.5 and loaded by uniform normal pressure. Center deflections, membrane stresses, and extreme-fiber bending stresses are given as a function of pressure for center deflections up to twice the thickness of the plate. For small deflections the results coincide with those obtained by Hencky from the linear theory" (p. 1).
Date: July 1942
Creator: Levy, Samuel & Greenman, Samuel
open access

Determination of control-surface characteristics from NACA plain-flap and tab data

Description: From Summary: "The data from previous NACA pressure-distribution investigations of plain flaps and tabs have been analyzed and are presented in this paper in a form readily applicable to the problems of control-surface design. The experimentally determined variation of aerodynamic parameters with flap chord and tab chord are given in chart form and comparisons are made with the theory. With the aid of these charts and the theoretical relationships for a thin airfoil, the aerodynamic characteris… more
Date: February 1941
Creator: Ames, Milton B., Jr. & Sears, Richard I.
open access

Adaptor for Measuring Principal Strains With Tuckerman Strain Gage

Description: Report discussing an adapter which uses three Tuckerman optical strain gages to measure the displacement of the three vortices of an equilateral triangle along lines 120 degrees apart. These displacements are substituted in well-known equations in order to compute the magnitude and direction of the principal strains. Tests of the adaptor indicate that principal strains over a gage length of 1.42 inch may be measured with a systematic error not exceeding 4 percent and a mean observational error … more
Date: June 1943
Creator: McPherson, A. E.
open access

Normal-pressure tests of circular plates with clamped edges

Description: A fixture is described for making normal-pressure tests of flat plates 5 inches in diameter in which particular care was taken to obtain rigid clamping at the edges. Results are given for 19 plates, ranging in thickness from 0.015 to 0.072 inch. The center deflections and the extreme-fiber stresses at low pressures were found to agree with theoretical values; the center deflections at high pressures were 4 to 12 percent greater than the theoretical values. Empirical curves are derived of the pr… more
Date: June 1942
Creator: McPherson, Albert E.; Ramberg, Walter & Levy, Samuel
open access

Stability of elastically supported columns

Description: A criterion is developed for the stiffness required of elastic lateral supports at the ends of a compression member to provide stability. A method based on this criterion is then developed for checking the stability of a continuous beam-column. A related method is also developed for checking the stability of a member of a pin-jointed truss against rotation in the plane of the truss.
Date: November 1942
Creator: Niles, Alfred S. & Viscovich, Steven J.
open access

The Exact Solution of Shear-Lag Problems in Flat Panels and Box Beams Assumed Rigid in the Transverse Direction

Description: "A mathematical procedure is herein developed for obtaining exact solutions of shear-lag problems in flat panels and box beams: the method is based on the assumption that the amount of stretching of the sheets in the direction perpendicular to the direction of essential normal stresses is negligible. Explicit solutions, including the treatment of cut-outs, are given for several cases and numerical results are presented in graphic and tabular form. The general theory is presented in a from which… more
Date: June 1943
Creator: Hildebrand, Francis B.
open access

Least-Work Analysis of the Problem of Shear Lag in Box Beams

Description: The distribution of stress in the cover sheets of thin-wall box beams is analyzed, with regard to the effect of shear deformation in the cover sheets, by the method of least work. Explicit results are obtained for a number of representative cases that show the influence of the following factors on the stress patterns. General conclusions are drawn from the results obtained. Among them the most important one appears to be the fact that the shear-lag effect depends primarily on several tow qualit… more
Date: May 1943
Creator: Hildebrand, Francis B. & Reissner, Eric
open access

The Influence of the Aerodynamic Span Effect on the Magnitude of the Torsional-Divergence Velocity and on the Shape of the Corresponding Deflection Mode

Description: "A procedure which takes into account the aerodynamic span effect is given for the determination of the torsional-divergence velocities of monoplanes. The explicit solutions obtained in several cases indicate that the aerodynamic span effect may increase the divergence velocities found by means of the section-force theory by as much as 17 to 40 percent. It is found that the magnitude of the effect increases with increasing degree of stiffness taper and decreases with increasing degree of chord … more
Date: February 1944
Creator: Hildebrand, Francis B. & Reissner, Eric
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