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Redefining the Scratch Standards
The following report describes scratch standards--a cosmetic standard--and studies on etched gratings that were made to replace submasters and redefine scratch standards.
National Bureau of Standards
A report on research conducted by the National Engineering Laboratory, the National Measurement Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology under the direction of the National Bureau of Standards. It also presents the services and special programs offered by the Bureau to researchers and organizations.
Manual of Fire-Loss Prevention of the Federal Fire Council
From preface: "This issue of the Manual of Fire-Loss Prevention, the first edition of which was published in 1934, includes revisions and additions made in part to cover improvements in the past 10 years in methods of preventing and controlling fires. Such methods remain dependent largely on the elimination of preventable fires and abatement of loss from those that originate, by the use of appropriate designs and materials in building construction and the installation of applicable fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, to the extent justified by the hazard" (p. ii).
National Bureau of Standards Research Reports: Summer 1987
Summary describing research projects and other activities undertaken by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, lists of publications from the year, and a calendar of upcoming events.
Proceedings of the Conference on Accreditation of Construction Materials Testing Laboratories: 1986
Abstract: A two-day Conference hosted by NBS was held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on May 14-15, 1986 to test the hypothesis that "There is a need for a coordinated methodology for accrediting construction materials testing laboratories." Construction materials include primary materials such as: cement, concrete, aggregates, rock and soil, asphalts, metals, wood and masonry. The Conference was structured to consider: (1) the status of existing laboratory evaluation and accreditation programs; (2) current trends in the accreditation process; and (3) the need for and nature of a coordinated accreditation system. The Conference included the presentation of invited papers and four workshop sessions.
Computerization of Welding Information
From abstract: The Workshop on Computerization of Welding Information, sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards and the American Welding Institute, was held August 5-6, 1986 in Knoxville, Tennessee. Forty-two welding engineers, welding managers, and computer scientists gathered to discuss the necessity and design of databases for welding information. Each subject was introduced by specialists in that area.
Proceedings of the Joint Panel Conference of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources: 1982
Abstract: The 14th Joint Meeting of the U.S. - Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects was held in Washington, D. C., United States front May 17 through 20, 1982. This publication, which is the proceedings of the Joint Meeting, includes the program, list of members, formal resolutions, technical papers, and the task committee report:. Subjects covered in the papers presented to the panel include: (l) characteristics of strong winds, (2) wind loads on structures and design criteria, (3) earthquake ground motions and dynamic analysis of embankment dams, (4) soil liquefaction study and methods to improve liquefaction resistance. (5) seismic loads on structures and design criteria, (6) stress analyses of pipelines during earthquakes, (7) full-scale seismic experiments, (8) earthquake hazard reduction program, (9) use of microcomputer for earthquake studies, (10) quantitative evaluation of damages caused by winds and earthquakes, and (11) tsunami research projects.
Annual Report and Directory of Accredited Laboratories: 1982
Annual report describing the activities and goals of the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) during 1982, and a directory list of laboratories including the test methods for which they are accredited.
Ozone Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: a Bibliography
Abstract: A reaction oriented list of references is provided for published papers and reports containing rate data or information on mechanism for reactions of ozone with various substrates in aqueous solutions. Catalyzed, as well as uncatalyzed, reactions are included. One hundred and sixty-four papers are listed. The period covered extends from 1913 to 1981.
Low-Sloped Roofing Research Plan
Abstract: This report presents a long-range plan for roofing research. The plan was developed in response to a need for roofing research addressing major materials problems and changes in low-sloped roofing materials technology. The intent of the plan is to establish the technical basis for developing standards and minimum levels of performance to assist in the selection of cost-effective and durable roofing materials. Four major areas of needed research are identified: (1) low-sloped roofing systems, (2) roofing membranes including single-ply and built-up, (3) thermal insulation for roofing systems, and (4) condition assessment and repair of roofs. Within each research area, a goal is given as well as a number of objectives to achieve the goal. A recommended approach to accomplish each objective is also given.
Measurement & Analysis of Productivity Growth: a Synthesis of Thought
Abstract: Productivity is one of the most important factors influencing our economic well-being. Productivity growth is essential to a higher standard of living and is vital to a sound economic and political environment. However, there has been a slowdown in the growth of productivity in the United States since the mid-1960s. This slowdown has caused concern among policy makers and researchers. Accordingly, several questions persist both in policy and academic circles. Why has productivity been slowing? and What can be done to reverse this trend? The purpose of this report is to address broadly the first of these two questions by surveying and synthesizing the vast literature on the measurement and determinants of productivity. This review is intended to be a source document for those interested in the measurement and analysis of productivity growth. The report is divided into five sections. In the first section, the importance of productivity growth on economic activity is discussed. In the second section, the so called "facts" about patterns of measured productivity growth in the United States are presented. In the third section, the methods currently used for calculating productivity indices are summarized. In the fourth section, the literature related to the determinants of the productivity growth are reviewed. Finally, in the last section, some suggestions are made for future work in this area.
DATAPLOT: Introduction and Overview
Abstract: This manual provides DATAPLOT code solution to a variety of commonly occurring graphical problems. A line-by-line explanation of code is given, along with illustrations and general discussion.
Standards Committee Activities of the National Bureau of Standards: 1983 Highlights
Abstract: This report summarizes NBS standards committee activities and accomplishments during calendar year 1983. It profiles NBS state participation on outside standards committees and highlights significant technical and individual contributions made by NBS staff. In 1983, 446 staff members (or 28% of NBS' professionals, scientific, and technical staff) participated in 989 standards committees of 87 national and international standards organizations.
National Bureau of Standards
This is an article on the center for materials science, the National Bureau Standards (NBS). From ceramic tiles that shield the space shuttle to dental adhesives which replace metal fillings, new materials are revolutionizing technology and everyday life. NBS is at the forefront of materials technology with its broad-based research effort conducted by the Center for Materials Science (CMS). The Center provides measurements, data, standards, reference materials, and other technical information regarding materials to industry, government agencies, universities, and other scientific organizations. CMS research supports development of new and improved materials which can be used safely, efficiently, and economically.
Facilities of the National Bureau of Standards
From forward: Every laboratory in this country is a valuable national resource. Along with the people who work in these facilities, U.S. laboratories constitute the basic foundation of this country's scientific and industrial strength. As the nation's foremost science and engineering measurement laboratory, the National Bureau of Standards has some of the premier research and testing facilities in the United States, and several of our laboratories are unequaled anywhere in the world. Bureau scientists and engineers use these special facilities to pursue the measurement-related work that U.S. science and industry need to grow and prosper. This brochure highlights only a small number of the special facilities available at NBS and provides information about their availability for collaborative or independent research and testing.
Compiled Thermodynamic Data Sources for Aqueous and Biochemical Systems: an Annotated Bibliography (1930-1983)
Abstract: This is a selected and annotated bibliography of sources of compiled and evaluated chemical thermodynamic data relevant to biochemical and aqueous systems. The principal thermodynamic properties considered herein are Gibbs energy and equilibrium data, enthalpies of formation and reaction, heat capacities and entropies, and the corresponding partial molar and excess properties. Derived quantities used in calculating the above are also included. Transport and mechanical data have also been identified to a lesser degree. Included in the annotations to the data sources are brief descriptions of the types of properties tabulated, the classes of materials dealt with, and the degree of completeness of the compilations.
State Measurement Laboratories
Abstract: The National Bureau of Standards receives repeated requests from industry and Federal agencies (e.g. , Department of Defense, Nuclear Regulatory Commission) for information about the capabilities of and services provided by State measurement laboratories. This directory is a compilation of such information by State, including a description of the services available and fees charged. The directory will be updated annually in January of each year to coincide with the issuance of annual certification of these laboratories.
Directory of Accredited Laboratories: 1984
Abstract: Laboratories accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) are identified along with the specific test methods for which they are accredited. The current status of existing accreditation programs is given for laboratories that test thermal insulation, freshly mixed concrete, carpet, wood burning stoves, paint, and personnel radiation dosimeters, and that provide acoustical testing services. Indexes are provided for searching the Directory for laboratories accredited in specific testing areas or for specific test methods.
Computerizing Materials Data -- A Workshop for the Nuclear Power Industry
Abstract: This report summarizes the recommendations of a Workshop in Computerized Materials Data as related to engineers in the Nuclear Power Industry. Four areas of discussion are featured: the content of a proposed data system; its size and data sources; the user interfaces and system capabilities; and ways of making further progress. In addition, changes in the use of materials data in the Nuclear Power Industry and progress-to-date in computerizing these data are presented.
Steel Research Needs for Buildings
Abstract: This report identifies experimental and analytical research needed to advance the state-of-the-art and improve safety and economy in the design, fabrication and construction of steel buildings. A five year plan for a coordinated research program is included. Recommendations for research projects dealing with the following topics are presented: total building systems, connections and members, frames, seismic design, load and resistance factor design, fire protection, and design loads. The recommendations were developed at a workshop involving participation by steel industry representatives, design professionals, Federal agency representatives and university researchers.
Research and Innovation in the Building Regulatory Process
This document contains the Proceedings of the Sixth NBS/NCSBCS Joint Conference on Research and Innovation in the Building Regulatory Process, held on September 11, 1984, in Denver, CO. This conference addressed streamlined administrative procedures, computers in construction, and fire safety technology. These Proceedings contain the 10 papers selected for presentation at the conference.
Expert Systems and Emergency Management: An Annotated Bibliography
Abstract: This report is the result of an in-depth review of the recent technical literature on expert systems,. The material contained in this report provided a basis for assessing the potential for using expert systems in emergency management operations. In choosing the material for inclusion in this report, special emphasis was placed on those aspects of expert systems which addressed the types of problems encountered in emergency management operations. The report is designed for use as a resource document and as a tutorial on expert systems and emergency management. Each chapter consists of a brief topic essay followed by a set of references which expand on the main themes of the essay.
National Earthquake Engineering Experimental Facility Study: Phase One -- Large Scale Testing Needs
Abstract: This report summarizes information obtained during the first year of a four-year feasibility study for a national earthquake engineering experimental facility. A five-year research program is presented for a national facility in which full-scale or large-scale structures or structural components would be subjected to static or dynamic lateral loads. The facility would have applicability to tests in the following areas: low-rise buildings, medium-rise buildings, high-rise buildings, industrial processing facilities, and power facilities. Representatives from a broad spectrum of professional, industrial, and trade organizations and Federal agencies participated in developing the research program. A comparison of existing testing facilities in the U.S. and other countries engaged in seismic testing and a discussion of international cooperation in large-scale testing are included.
NBS-INA -- The Institute for Numerical Analysis -- UCLA 1947-1954
Abstract: This is the history of the Institute for Numerical Analysis (INA) with special emphasis in its research program during the period 1947 to 1956. The Institute for Numerical Analysis was located on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. It was a section of the National Applied Mathematics Laboratories, which formed the Applied Mathematics Division of the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and technology), under the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Free Radicals: 1985
Abstract: This publication contains papers presented at the Seventeenth International Symposium on Free Radicals, held at Snow Mountain Ranch in Granby, Colorado, on August 18-23, 1985. The Symposium was attended by 147 people, representing industry, government, and academia, from 18 countries. A total of 67 papers appear in written form in this document.
Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management Operations
Abstract: The First Symposium on The Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management, held at the Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (April 24 and 25, 1985) was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and organized by the National Bureau of Standards' Operations Research Division. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together researchers in expert systems, artificial intelligence, and emergency operations in a forum to review the concepts of expert systems and the problems of emergency management, with the objective of determining how expert systems can be used to augment the experience of local, State and Federal emergency managers faced with the difficult tasks of determining the best response to an emergency situation. Speakers addressed the following areas: The theory and uncertainty aspects of expert systems, artificial intelligence's future role in emergency management, technology for building and using expert systems, emergency management decisions and information needs and uses, applications of expert systems in the management of chemical spills and shipboard and coal mine fires, and the role and use of simulation in emergency management expert systems.
Bibliographies of Industrial Interest : Thermodynamic Measurements on the Systems CO₂-H₂O, CuCl₂-H₂0,H₂SO₄-H₂O, NH₃-H₂O, H₂S-H₂O, ZnCl₂-H₂Oand H₃PO₄-H₂O
Abstract: Contained herein are bibliographies of Sources of experimental and correlated thermodynamic data for seven binary aqueous mixtures of industrial importance, namely mixtures of CO2, H2S, NH3, H2S0, H3P4, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 with water. The categories of equilibrium data included in the bibliographies are activity and osmotic coefficients, equilibria in solution, enthalpies and heat capacity data, vapor-liquid equilibria, and phase equilibrium data.
National Bureau of Standards Research Reports: Summer 1986
Summary describing research projects and other activities undertaken by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, lists of publications from the year, and a calendar of upcoming events.
National Bureau of Standards Research Reports: Spring 1987
Summary describing research projects and other activities undertaken by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, lists of publications from the year, and a calendar of upcoming events.
A User's Guide for RAPID, Reduction Algorithms for the Presentation of Incremental Fire Data
Abstract: The Voluminous amount of data than can be collected by automatic data acquisition systems during large scale fire tests requires the use of a digital computer for the reduction of data. RAPID is a stand-alone program specifically designed to convert raw instrument voltages collected during such tests into meaningful units. The reduced data can also be used alone or in combinations to obtain quantities that require more than minimal data reduction. The program is written with the ability to accept data from a user defined data acquisition system, with the ability to check the correctness of data included. Through the use of input data provided by the user, the data can be converted into meaningful scientific units. The data can then be presented in tabular or printer plot form, or stored for further processing. This user's guide provides detailed instructions for the use of the program.
Cooperative Research Opportunities at NBS
From page 5: Numerous opportunities exist for scientists and engineers from industrial professional trade and other organizations to collaborate in research at the National Bureau of Standards on projects of mutual interest. To accomplish its objective of supplying the measurement foundation for industry, science, and technology. NBS conducts research in many areas, including advanced ceramics, automated manufacturing, opto-electronics, and biotechnology.
Materials Information for Science & Technology (MIST): Project Overview
Abstract: This report documents the initial phases of the MIST database, which is a demonstration project jointly supported by the Department of Energy and the National Bureau of Standards. The purpose of the Materials Information for Science and Technology (MIST) is to demonstrate the power and utility of computer access to materials property data. The initial goals include: to exercise the concept of a computer network of materials databases and to build a demonstration of such a system in a way as to be suitable for use as the core of operational systems in the future. Phases I and II are described in detail. In addition, a discussion is given of the expected usage of the databases.
Federal Government Certification Programs for Products and Services
Abstract: This directory presents information on 61 U.S. Government certification programs for products and services. Entries describe the scope and nature of each certification program, testing and inspection practices, standards used, methods of identification and enforcement, reciprocal recognition or acceptance of certification, and other relevant details. This directory is part of an ongoing NBS effort to establish and maintain a comprehensive database on standards, regulations, certification programs and related information. This material has bee. compiled to meet the needs of government, industry, and the public for information on U.S. Government certification programs in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979.
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry
Abstract: Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis with gas proportional detectors has been used widely in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. It was particularly useful in the detection of low-energy x-ray emission, before the commercial availability of the Blodgett-Langmuir pseudocrystals. With the development of solid-state x-ray detectors of high resolution, and improvement in associated electronics and computers, the interest in energy-dispersive x-ray analysis has increased enormously, to the point where it has replaced Bragg crystal diffraction spectrometry in many instances.
Telecommunication Technologies, Networking and Libraries
Abstract: The conference provided an overview of current and developing technologies for digital transmission of image data that are likely to have an impact on the operations of libraries and information centers or provide support for information networking. Technologies reviewed include slow-scan television, teleconferencing, and videodisc. Other papers discuss technology and standards development for computer network interconnection through hardware and software, particularly packet-switched networks; computer network protocols for library and information service applications; the structure of a national bibliographic telecommunications network; and the major policy issues involved in the regulation or deregulation of the common communications carriers industry.
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants, June 8-12, 1981
Abstract: This volume presents the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants, held at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, MD, from June 8-12, 1981. Like its 1970 predecessor, the Conference provided an international forum for theoretical, experimental, and applied scientists actively engaged in research on precision measurements relating to the fundamental physical constants, and on the testing of related fundamental theory. More specifically, the purpose of the Conference was to assess the present state of the precision measurement-fundamental constants field, to examine basic limitations, and to explore the prospects for future significant advances. The principal subjects covered were: frequency, wavelength, spectroscopy, quantum electrodynamics, the gas constant, x-ray interferometry, nuclidic masses, uncertainty assignment, gravitational acceleration, mass, electrical quantities, gravity, and relativity. These proceedings contain the vast majority of both the invited review papers and the contributed current research papers presented at the Conference. The new results reported at the Conference were considered for inclusion in the 1983 least-squares adjustment of the constants carried out under the auspices of the Task Group on Fundamental Constants of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA).
Precision Measurement and Calibration: Electricity: Selected Papers on the Realization and Maintenance of the Fundamental Electrical Units and Related Topics
Abstract: Selected publications of the National Bureau of Standards technical staff in the field of electricity were first compiled in 1962 as a volume of the NBS Precision Measurement and Calibration Series (Electricity and Electronics, Handbook 77, Volume I); this compilation was extended in 1968 by the compilation of an additional volume in the Precision Measurement and Calibration Series (Electricity-Low Frequency, NBS Special Publication 300, Volume 3). The present volume, a further extension of these earlier compilations of selected publications in the field of electricity, includes 66 more recent papers by NBS authors and 16 abstracts of closely related papers by authors from other organizations. In view of the expansion of measurement technologies used in electricity and electromagnetism it has been necessary to reduce the range of topics for the selection of papers in the new compilation. In this connection an emphasis has been placed upon the realization and maintenance of fundamental electrical units and the related scientific advances, particularly in quantum physics. However, in the interest of completeness, three appendices also provide up-to-date bibliographies of publications by NBS authors in different areas of electromagnetism. (This book is a sequel to NBS Handbook 77-Vol. 1(1961) and NBS SP 300-Vol. 3 (1968).
International Review of Environmental Specimen Banking
Abstract: In September 1983, the "8th U. S. - German Seminar of State and Planning on Environmental Specimen Banking" and the "International Review of Environmental Specimen Banking" were held at the National Bureau of Standards. At these meetings the current status of Environmental Specimen Banking Program in the U. S., Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), and other countries was presented and discussed. This publication contains a brief summary of these meetings and separate contributions describing the specimen banking activities in Canada, FRG, Japan, Sweden and the U. S.
Standard Reference Data Publications, 1964-1984
Abstract: The National Bureau of Standards' Office of Standard Reference Data manages a network of data centers that prepare evaluated data bases of physical and chemical properties of substances. Data bases are available in printed form, on magnetic tapes and through on-line computer networks. This document provides a comprehensive list of the products available from the National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS) for the years 1964-1984, including indexes qualified by author, material, and property terms. Ordering information and current prices can be found at the end of this document.
Standard Reference Data Publications, 1985-1986
Abstract: The National Bureau of Standards' Office of Standard Reference Data manages a network of data centers that prepare evaluated databases of physical and chemical properties of substances. Databases are available in printed form, on magnetic tapes, diskettes, and through on-line computer networks. This document provides a comprehensive list of the products available from the National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS) for the years 1985-1986, including indexes qualified by author, material, and property terms. Ordering information and current prices can be found at the end of this document.
Comprehensive Guide for Least-Cost Energy Decisions
From p.1 : The purpose of this book is to assist builders, building designers, owners, and operators to find a balance between energy consumption and energy conservation which will result in more cost-effective buildings.
Report of the Seventieth National Conference on Weights and Measures, 1985
Report of the annual conference on weights and measures, hosted by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington D.C. It includes conference proceedings, a list of attendees, information about committees and officers, and other reports or commentaries discussed at the meetings.
Proceedings of Cryocooler Conference: 1984
Abstract: This document contains the proceedings of the Third Cryocooler Conference, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, on Sept. 17-18, 1984. About 140 people from 10 countries attended the conference and represented industry, government, and academia. A total of 26 papers were presented orally at the conference and all appear in written form in this document. The emphasis in this conference was on small cryocoolers in the temperature range of 4 - 80 K. Mechanical and non-mechanical types were discussed in the various papers. Applications of these small cryocoolers include the cooling of infrared detectors, cryopumps, small superconducting devices and magnets, and electronic devices.
A Bibliography of Sources of Thermodynamic Data for the Systems: CO₂+NH₃+H₂O, CO₂+H₂S+H₂O, H₂S+NH₃+H₂O, and CO₂+NH₃+H₂S+H₂O
Abstract: Contained herein is a bibliography of sources of experimental and correlated thermodynamic data for the systems: CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O, CO₂ + H₂S + H₂O, H₂S + NH₃ + H₂O, and CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂S + H₂O. The types of data in this bibliography include all types of equilibrium data, including both eqilibria [sic] in solution and vapor-liquid equilibrium data, enthalpies, heat capacities, and densities. There are 215 references cited. Bibliographic Data Sheet.
OMNITAB 80: An Interpretive System for Statistical and Numerical Data Analysis
Abstract: OMNITAB 80 is a highly integrated general purpose programming language and statistical software computing system. The system enables the user to use a digital computer to perform statistical and numerical data analysis without having any prior knowledge of computers or programming languages. The system responds to simple instructions to obtain accurate results since reliable, varied and sophisticated algorithms for data analysis and manipulation are referenced. It may be used either interactively or in batch mode. OMNITAB 80 has been installed nationally and internationally. OMNITAB has been completely written to make it as machine independent as possible This document describes Version 6.0. Details are presented so that the user can easily find the specific information needed in any particular instance. Part A is a simple, compact introduction to OMNITAB. Part B describes the general and special features of the OMNITAB system. Part C gives explanations, with short examples, for the use of specific instructions. Part D is a complete alphabetical list of the instructions which are in the system.
Standards and Metadata Requirements for Computerization of Selected Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials
Abstract: To assist in building a computerized information system on the engineering properties of materials, the standards and metadata requirements for a representative group of mechanical property categories are considered. These categories include: tensile behavior, hardness numbers, notch-bar impact test parameters, and fatigue properties. For each property group, definitions of terms, synonyms (and non-synonyms), standard test methods, standards for reporting data, precision and accuracy, and correlations of properties are addressed. The principal findings and recommendations are as follows. Existing test methods are generally adequate for the properties considered, but better standards are needed for data reporting. Appraisal of materials variability and testing machine variability would be assisted by access to standard reference materials, certified as to their mechanical properties. All properties considered for inclusion in a computerized system can be categorized as parameters for direct search, parameters retrievable with extraction of all data stored for a given material, and parameters which are derived from an analytical representation of experimental data. Drafting of some general standards on computerized file structures and metadata files suitable for the engineering field is advised.
Towards a Tribology Information System
Abstract: A workshop was held in July 985 to address the needs for a computerized tribology information and data system, as well as possible implementation schemes. The meeting was sponsored by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Research Committee on Tribology, the Department of Energy, Energy Conservation and Utililation Technology Division, and the National Bureau of Standards. The views of a broad sector of industry, academia, and government were obtained over a four-week period through participation by about 60 individuals. Specific categories that were treated were design, numeric data, bibliography, research in progress, newsletter, and product directory. The principal discussion content and the recommendations in each subject category are summarized here. There was general agreement that a system of this type would be broadly useful to the engineering community for the purpose of design and materials selection, and for the research community as an important aid in information access and flow. The workshop recommendations detailed four phases of development, starting with a demonstration prototype system and concluding with a full-scale operating data and information base. Specific plans in each phase and for each subject area were developed and are presented here. While continual input will be sought from the technical community to refine those plans, it is hoped that immediate efforts can begin in at least some of the areas, and that system use will quickly develop to a significant level, both nationally and internationally.
Progress in Environmental Specimen Banking
In October, 1986, the 10th U.S.-German Seminar of State and Planning on Environmental Specimen Banking was held at the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences in Gloucester Point, Virginia. At this meeting the current status of specimen banking activities in the U. S., FRG, Canada, and Japan was presented and discussed. This publication contains the proceedings of that meeting with contributions describing various activities related to banking and analysis of samples from aquatic, atmospheric, terrestrial, and human monitoring programs.
User's Guide for the Cone Calorimeter
Abstract: This document provides instructions for users of the Cone Calorimeter in installing, operating, maintaining, and repairing the instrument. It is intended for training new operators at NBS and at other laboratories. The troubleshooting and repair sections will be a useful reference section even for experienced operators, since remedies for a large number of potential instrument malfunctions are outlined there.
Environmental Speciation and Monitoring Needs for Trace Metal-Containing Substances from Energy-Related Processes
Abstract: This book presents the Proceedings of the DoE/NBS Workshop on Environmental Speciation and Monitoring Needs for Trace Metal-Containing Substances from Energy-Related Processes held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, on May 18-20, 1981. The Workshop was sponsored by the Office of Health and Environmental Research, DoE, and the Office of Recycled Materials, NBS. The volume contains refereed papers submitted by 24 invited speakers, along with substantially complete text of the discussion following the papers, edited by the Co-chairpersons. The Proceedings address three major topic areas forming the overall objective of the Workshop: (1) what are the general and specific types of metal- or metalloid-containing substances occurring in energy-related process materials such as coals, oil shales, and waste products? (2) what are the current status and future prospects of element- and compound-specific measurement methods suitable for speciation of trace (ppm, ppb) metal- and metalloid-containing substances transmitted to the environment by energy-processing or waste cycling technologies? (3) for what toxic molecular forms of speciated process effluents should biological dose-response data be generated to assure reliable environmental impact and monitoring measurements? Main questions focused, on providing assurance that the speciation methods (or their development) fit basic bioassay criteria along with appropriate standard reference materials for meeting quantitative process and waste monitoring or control needs.
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